Questões para Concursos

Use Text V to answer questions 26 to 32.
Text V
Literacy as a Multidimensional Concept
An emphasis on the development of literacy as a fluid concept (Knobel and Lankshear, 2014) is one of the most recent advances in twenty-first-century education. To conceptualize literacy, the ability of the learner to make use of language takes precedence in typical Western educational systems. However, as Kern highlights, “literacy is more than a set of academic skills” (2000, 23). It varies depending on the social context and is embedded in cultural practice (Paesani et al. 2016).
Therefore, in order to define it, we must take into consideration the set of resources, sociocultural practices and competences––beyond reading and writing––that enable student interaction, critical thinking, the drawing of conclusions and the application of knowledge to curricular areas and real-world situations (New London Group 1996; Kern 2000; American Association of School Librarians (AASL) 2011; Cooper et al. 2012; Kucer 2014; Paesani et al. 2016; Reyes-Torres 2018; Warner and Dupuy 2018). As such, the multimodal training approach that we propose for the FL class stems from Kern’s notion of literacy, first, “as a process of creating and transforming knowledge” (2000, 29), and second, “as a matter of engaging in the ever-developing process of using reading and writing as tools for thinking and learning, in order to expand one’s understanding of oneself and the world” (40). This involves paying careful attention to language, while also developing a critical awareness of the relationships between texts, images, discourse conventions and sociocultural and digital contexts.
In sum, and in consonance with Kern and other scholars such as the NLG (1996), Steve Kucer (2014), Maria Brisk (2015), Paesani et al. (2016) and Shari Tishman (2018), we define literacy as a dynamic and multidimensional concept whose main aim is to provide twenty-first-century learners with the language skills, visual thinking strategies and dialogic attitudes that are necessary to develop the knowledge that allows them to grasp and evaluate information, organize ideas, exchange perspectives, construct meaning and reflect critically on a variety of sociocultural contexts. In order to foster such a multidimensional approach to literacy in EFL and implement it as an organizing principle (Kress 2010; Serafini 2014), it is necessary that teachers become acquainted with the three dimensions that both Kern (2000) and Kucer (2014) acknowledge as the key components: a) cognitive; b) conceptual; and c) sociocultural.
These dimensions constitute a field of forces that complement one another and are equally important in the process of both teaching and learning, and they also illustrate the multiple facets and fluid nature of literacy.
Adapted from: FERNÁNDEZ, Teresa; REYES-TORRES, Agustín; FERNÁNDEZ, Pilar. A multimodal approach to foster the multiliteracies pedagogy in the English as a Foreign Language context. ATLANTIS: Journal of the Spanish Association of Anglo-American Studies, vol. 42, no. 1, pp. 94–119, 2020. Available at: https://www.atlantisjournal.org/index.php/atlantis/article/view/741. Accessed on: Mar. 21, 2025.

Atenção: Para responder às questões de números 39 e 40, baseie-se no texto abaixo.

Mobile Devices and Apps for Health Care Professionals: Uses and Benefits
C. Lee Ventola

The use of mobile devices by health care professionals (HCPs) has transformed many aspects of clinical practice. Mobile devices have become commonplace in health care settings, leading to rapid growth in the development of medical software applications (apps) for these platforms. Numerous apps are now available to assist HCPs with many important tasks, such as: information and time management; health record maintenance and access; communications and consulting; reference and information gathering; patient management and monitoring; clinical decision-making; and medical education and training.
Mobile devices and apps provide many benefits for health care professionals (HCPs), perhaps most significantly increased access to point-of-care tools, which has been shown to support better clinical decision-making and improved patient outcomes. However, some HCPs remain reluctant to adopt their use. Despite the benefits they offer, better standards and validation practices regarding mobile medical apps need to be established to ensure the proper use and integration of these increasingly sophisticated tools into medical practice. These measures will raise the barrier for entry into the medical app market, increasing the quality and safety of the apps currently available for use by HCPs.

(Adapted from: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov )

As a young democracy, Brazil has confronted economic and financial upheavals in the past. The country’s economic crisis of 2014—2017 saw a drastic fall in gross domestic product (GDP), stark rise in unemployment, a severe fiscal crisis, and an increased budget deficit. Since then, the economy has been a prominent issue in political conversations, especially regarding globalization and the ways in which trade liberalization can affect economic growth. Those running for office in 2018 differed slightly in this debate, and comparing the proposals and backgrounds of their economic advisors was as important as comparing the candidates themselves.

Lara Bartilotti Picanço, Mariana Nozela Prado & Andrew Allen. Economy and Trade — Brazil 2018 Understanding the Issues. August 14, 2018. Internet: (adapted).

Considering the text above, judge the following items.

TEXT III- Questions 27 to 36

Five ways to get a better bedtime routine by

Amy Sedghi

Getting to sleep can be a struggle , but blackout
blinds and to-do lists can help – as can reserving
the bedroom for sex and shut-eye


An eye mask will block out light.

1. Go to bed at regular times

Going to sleep and waking up at regular times –
even on weekends – will strengthen your body
clock, says Dr Lizzie Hill, a clinical sleep
physiologist and a spokeswoman for the British
Sleep Society. Regular mealtimes are also an
important cue for your circadian rhythm. Avoid
exercise too close to bedtime, as it can cause
restlessness and an elevated body temperature,
says Samantha Briscoe, a senior physiologist at
the Sleep Centre at London Bridge hospital.

2. Protect the bedroom

Preserve the bedroom as a place for sleep (and
sex): there is evidence that the brain forms a strong
association with sleep there. A temperature of 16-
18C (60-64F) is thought to be ideal for most,
according to the Sleep Council, an awareness and
support organisation. Blackout blinds or an eye
mask can help block out light, while keeping
electronic devices out of the bedroom is highly
recommended. If you struggle to fall asleep after
more than 25 minutes, Matthew Walker – a sleep
expert and a professor of neuroscience and
psychology at the University of California, Berkeley
– suggests getting up and going to read under a
dim light in another room. Once sleepy, you can
return to bed.

3. Get ahead on the next day

Your night-time routine is an opportunity to make
mornings run a little smoother: choose your clothes
for the next day when you reach for your pyjamas
or pack your bag while brushing your teeth. Martin
Hagger, a professor of health psychology at the
University of California, Merced, has stressed how
routines are linked to the formation of healthy
habits.

4. Wind down

Reading a book can help slow breathing and relax
muscles, while yoga stretches or even a gentle
walk can reduce anxiety, says Briscoe. A warm bath or shower can also help you relax:
researchers at the University of Texas at Austin
found that bathing in water of 40-42.5C one to two
hours before bedtime was associated with better
sleep.

5. Write down your worries

“If your mind is buzzing from the day, try keeping
a journal or worry book,” suggests Hill. The NHS
also recommends writing to-do lists for the next
day in order to organise thoughts and clear the
mind. “If you experience difficulty with sleep over
the longer term, consider whether there may be an
underlying medical condition,” says Hill. A sleep
diary could help you identify any patterns

(https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2019/oct/04/five-ways-toget-
a-better-bedtime-routine. Access: 08/01/2020)

TEXT III- Questions 27 to 36

Five ways to get a better bedtime routine by

Amy Sedghi

Getting to sleep can be a struggle , but blackout
blinds and to-do lists can help – as can reserving
the bedroom for sex and shut-eye


An eye mask will block out light.

1. Go to bed at regular times

Going to sleep and waking up at regular times –
even on weekends – will strengthen your body
clock, says Dr Lizzie Hill, a clinical sleep
physiologist and a spokeswoman for the British
Sleep Society. Regular mealtimes are also an
important cue for your circadian rhythm. Avoid
exercise too close to bedtime, as it can cause
restlessness and an elevated body temperature,
says Samantha Briscoe, a senior physiologist at
the Sleep Centre at London Bridge hospital.

2. Protect the bedroom

Preserve the bedroom as a place for sleep (and
sex): there is evidence that the brain forms a strong
association with sleep there. A temperature of 16-
18C (60-64F) is thought to be ideal for most,
according to the Sleep Council, an awareness and
support organisation. Blackout blinds or an eye
mask can help block out light, while keeping
electronic devices out of the bedroom is highly
recommended. If you struggle to fall asleep after
more than 25 minutes, Matthew Walker – a sleep
expert and a professor of neuroscience and
psychology at the University of California, Berkeley
– suggests getting up and going to read under a
dim light in another room. Once sleepy, you can
return to bed.

3. Get ahead on the next day

Your night-time routine is an opportunity to make
mornings run a little smoother: choose your clothes
for the next day when you reach for your pyjamas
or pack your bag while brushing your teeth. Martin
Hagger, a professor of health psychology at the
University of California, Merced, has stressed how
routines are linked to the formation of healthy
habits.

4. Wind down

Reading a book can help slow breathing and relax
muscles, while yoga stretches or even a gentle
walk can reduce anxiety, says Briscoe. A warm bath or shower can also help you relax:
researchers at the University of Texas at Austin
found that bathing in water of 40-42.5C one to two
hours before bedtime was associated with better
sleep.

5. Write down your worries

“If your mind is buzzing from the day, try keeping
a journal or worry book,” suggests Hill. The NHS
also recommends writing to-do lists for the next
day in order to organise thoughts and clear the
mind. “If you experience difficulty with sleep over
the longer term, consider whether there may be an
underlying medical condition,” says Hill. A sleep
diary could help you identify any patterns

(https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2019/oct/04/five-ways-toget-
a-better-bedtime-routine. Access: 08/01/2020)