Questões para Concursos

Text 7A3-I As a science fiction writer, Octavia Butler forged a new path and envisioned bold possibilities. The future she wrote about is now our present moment. She wrote 12 novels and won each of science fiction’s highest honors. In 1995, she became the first science fiction writer to be awarded a MacArthur “genius” grant. She is also, increasingly, a writer recognized as one of the most important voices and visionaries of the 20 th century, and now the 21 st . As a Black woman and a writer, Butler demolished walls that seemed impermeable, writing on themes that seemed uncategorizable. Her ideas and characters continue to resonate with new readers when so many are looking for, if not hope, then a map for a way forward. Her vision about the climate crisis, political and societal upheaval and the brutality and consequences of power hierarchies seems both sobering and prescient. However, as Butler often noted, being right was never the point. She didn’t want to be right — far from it. She wanted to give us time, and tools, to correct the course. Lynell George. The Visions of Octavia Butler. Internet: (adapted).

Text 7A3-II 400 million people speak English as their first language; another 1.4 billion as a second tongue. Born 1,600 years ago among the Germanic tribes of northern Europe, English became global. A new exhibition at the British Library, named Evolving English, traces for the first time the incredible journey launched by the Frisians, Saxons, Angles and Jutes who sailed to southeast England, and whose descendants created the Vespasian Psalter in the eighth century. From the Vespasian Psalter the journey moves on through England’s early literary heroes, Beowulf, Sir Gawayne and the Grene Knight, and on to Jonathan Swift. The curators of Evolving English have been clever to focus not just on English at school and English at work, but English at play, from spoonerisms to malapropisms, puns and palindromes and the 1,800 words invented by William Shakespeare — among them “green-eyed”, “go-between”, “well-read” and “zany”. Not only was Shakespeare the greatest English writer, he could have been no other kind. Internet: ( (adapted).

Climate change poses significant challenges to cattle farming, a sector vital to global food security. Among the most pressing concerns is the increasing frequency and intensity of droughts. Reduced rainfall diminishes pasture quality and availability, limiting feed for livestock and increasing water scarcity. This can lead to decreased animal growth rates, reduced milk production, and increased mortality rates. Moreover, prolonged droughts can contribute to desertification, shrinking available grazing land and forcing farmers to adopt costly alternative feeding strategies. Beyond drought, other climate-related impacts include heat stress, which can significantly impact animal health and productivity. Rising temperatures can exacerbate heat stress, leading to decreased feed intake, reduced fertility, and increased mortality in livestock. Furthermore, extreme weather events, such as heavy rainfall and flooding, can cause infrastructure damage, contaminate water sources, and lead to the loss of livestock. The cattle farming sector itself contributes to climate change through greenhouse gas emissions, primarily methane produced during animal digestion and nitrous oxide from manure management. Deforestation for pasture expansion also releases significant amounts of carbon dioxide. To address these challenges, a multi-pronged approach is crucial. • Genetic selection: Breeding programs focused on developing drought-resistant and heat-tolerant livestock breeds are vital. • Sustainable feeding strategies: Implementing precision feeding techniques, improving feed efficiency, and exploring alternative feed sources, such as drought-resistant forage varieties, can enhance livestock resilience. • Integrated farming systems: Integrating crop and livestock production, such as through agroforestry systems, can improve soil health, enhance water retention, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. • Technological innovations: Utilizing technologies such as precision livestock farming, remote sensing for pasture monitoring, and renewable energy sources can improve resource efficiency and reduce the environmental footprint of cattle production. Furthermore, strong policy support, including incentives for sustainable farming practices, investments in research and development, and improved access to climate information services, are essential for the long-term sustainability of the cattle farming sector. Addressing the challenges posed by climate change requires a collaborative effort involving farmers, researchers, policymakers, and consumers. By embracing innovative solutions, prioritizing sustainable practices, and fostering a collective understanding of the importance of climate-resilient livestock production, we can ensure a future when this vital sector continues to thrive while minimizing its environmental impact. Internet: (adapted).

Climate change poses significant challenges to cattle farming, a sector vital to global food security. Among the most pressing concerns is the increasing frequency and intensity of droughts. Reduced rainfall diminishes pasture quality and availability, limiting feed for livestock and increasing water scarcity. This can lead to decreased animal growth rates, reduced milk production, and increased mortality rates. Moreover, prolonged droughts can contribute to desertification, shrinking available grazing land and forcing farmers to adopt costly alternative feeding strategies. Beyond drought, other climate-related impacts include heat stress, which can significantly impact animal health and productivity. Rising temperatures can exacerbate heat stress, leading to decreased feed intake, reduced fertility, and increased mortality in livestock. Furthermore, extreme weather events, such as heavy rainfall and flooding, can cause infrastructure damage, contaminate water sources, and lead to the loss of livestock. The cattle farming sector itself contributes to climate change through greenhouse gas emissions, primarily methane produced during animal digestion and nitrous oxide from manure management. Deforestation for pasture expansion also releases significant amounts of carbon dioxide. To address these challenges, a multi-pronged approach is crucial. • Genetic selection: Breeding programs focused on developing drought-resistant and heat-tolerant livestock breeds are vital. • Sustainable feeding strategies: Implementing precision feeding techniques, improving feed efficiency, and exploring alternative feed sources, such as drought-resistant forage varieties, can enhance livestock resilience. • Integrated farming systems: Integrating crop and livestock production, such as through agroforestry systems, can improve soil health, enhance water retention, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. • Technological innovations: Utilizing technologies such as precision livestock farming, remote sensing for pasture monitoring, and renewable energy sources can improve resource efficiency and reduce the environmental footprint of cattle production. Furthermore, strong policy support, including incentives for sustainable farming practices, investments in research and development, and improved access to climate information services, are essential for the long-term sustainability of the cattle farming sector. Addressing the challenges posed by climate change requires a collaborative effort involving farmers, researchers, policymakers, and consumers. By embracing innovative solutions, prioritizing sustainable practices, and fostering a collective understanding of the importance of climate-resilient livestock production, we can ensure a future when this vital sector continues to thrive while minimizing its environmental impact. Internet: (adapted).

Climate change poses significant challenges to cattle farming, a sector vital to global food security. Among the most pressing concerns is the increasing frequency and intensity of droughts. Reduced rainfall diminishes pasture quality and availability, limiting feed for livestock and increasing water scarcity. This can lead to decreased animal growth rates, reduced milk production, and increased mortality rates. Moreover, prolonged droughts can contribute to desertification, shrinking available grazing land and forcing farmers to adopt costly alternative feeding strategies. Beyond drought, other climate-related impacts include heat stress, which can significantly impact animal health and productivity. Rising temperatures can exacerbate heat stress, leading to decreased feed intake, reduced fertility, and increased mortality in livestock. Furthermore, extreme weather events, such as heavy rainfall and flooding, can cause infrastructure damage, contaminate water sources, and lead to the loss of livestock. The cattle farming sector itself contributes to climate change through greenhouse gas emissions, primarily methane produced during animal digestion and nitrous oxide from manure management. Deforestation for pasture expansion also releases significant amounts of carbon dioxide. To address these challenges, a multi-pronged approach is crucial. • Genetic selection: Breeding programs focused on developing drought-resistant and heat-tolerant livestock breeds are vital. • Sustainable feeding strategies: Implementing precision feeding techniques, improving feed efficiency, and exploring alternative feed sources, such as drought-resistant forage varieties, can enhance livestock resilience. • Integrated farming systems: Integrating crop and livestock production, such as through agroforestry systems, can improve soil health, enhance water retention, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. • Technological innovations: Utilizing technologies such as precision livestock farming, remote sensing for pasture monitoring, and renewable energy sources can improve resource efficiency and reduce the environmental footprint of cattle production. Furthermore, strong policy support, including incentives for sustainable farming practices, investments in research and development, and improved access to climate information services, are essential for the long-term sustainability of the cattle farming sector. Addressing the challenges posed by climate change requires a collaborative effort involving farmers, researchers, policymakers, and consumers. By embracing innovative solutions, prioritizing sustainable practices, and fostering a collective understanding of the importance of climate-resilient livestock production, we can ensure a future when this vital sector continues to thrive while minimizing its environmental impact. Internet: (adapted).

Climate change poses significant challenges to cattle farming, a sector vital to global food security. Among the most pressing concerns is the increasing frequency and intensity of droughts. Reduced rainfall diminishes pasture quality and availability, limiting feed for livestock and increasing water scarcity. This can lead to decreased animal growth rates, reduced milk production, and increased mortality rates. Moreover, prolonged droughts can contribute to desertification, shrinking available grazing land and forcing farmers to adopt costly alternative feeding strategies. Beyond drought, other climate-related impacts include heat stress, which can significantly impact animal health and productivity. Rising temperatures can exacerbate heat stress, leading to decreased feed intake, reduced fertility, and increased mortality in livestock. Furthermore, extreme weather events, such as heavy rainfall and flooding, can cause infrastructure damage, contaminate water sources, and lead to the loss of livestock. The cattle farming sector itself contributes to climate change through greenhouse gas emissions, primarily methane produced during animal digestion and nitrous oxide from manure management. Deforestation for pasture expansion also releases significant amounts of carbon dioxide. To address these challenges, a multi-pronged approach is crucial. • Genetic selection: Breeding programs focused on developing drought-resistant and heat-tolerant livestock breeds are vital. • Sustainable feeding strategies: Implementing precision feeding techniques, improving feed efficiency, and exploring alternative feed sources, such as drought-resistant forage varieties, can enhance livestock resilience. • Integrated farming systems: Integrating crop and livestock production, such as through agroforestry systems, can improve soil health, enhance water retention, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. • Technological innovations: Utilizing technologies such as precision livestock farming, remote sensing for pasture monitoring, and renewable energy sources can improve resource efficiency and reduce the environmental footprint of cattle production. Furthermore, strong policy support, including incentives for sustainable farming practices, investments in research and development, and improved access to climate information services, are essential for the long-term sustainability of the cattle farming sector. Addressing the challenges posed by climate change requires a collaborative effort involving farmers, researchers, policymakers, and consumers. By embracing innovative solutions, prioritizing sustainable practices, and fostering a collective understanding of the importance of climate-resilient livestock production, we can ensure a future when this vital sector continues to thrive while minimizing its environmental impact. Internet: (adapted).

Text CG2A1-I Industry, government and law enforcement agencies are in race to keep up with the vast cybercrime ecosystem, experts say, as cybercriminals and malicious actors increasingly exploit the digital economy. “The global law enforcement community is struggling with the sheer volume of cyber-related crimes,” Jürgen Stock, the Secretary-General of INTERPOL, said during the World Economic Forum’s 2024 Annual Meeting in Davos. “The crime statistics only go in one direction, which is up.” Cybercrime rose significantly during the COVID-19 pandemic. Currently, large and sophisticated cybercrimes continue to be deployed today. They are also becoming more expensive for the targeted companies and organizations. The average global cost of a data breach reached US$ 4.45 million last year, according to the latest research, the highest level ever recorded. In Davos, experts maintain that so-called security by design is key to bolstering cyber resilience. The concept of security by design entails building cybersecurity protocols into software and hardware products from the earliest development stage. This approach allows safeguards to be embedded at each state of operation and limits the chances of cybersecurity vulnerabilities emerging as products develop and are put into use. “It has become an imperative for the digital public infrastructure,” Debjani Ghosh, President of Indian technology non-profit NASSCOM, said of security by design. The international community needs to “start thinking about the processes we can put in place to make sure that we can support each other and defend each other’s public infrastructures,” Sadie Creese, a Professor of Cybersecurity at the University of Oxford, said in Davos. Internet: (adapted). Based on text CG2A1-I, judge the following item .

Text CG2A1-I Industry, government and law enforcement agencies are in race to keep up with the vast cybercrime ecosystem, experts say, as cybercriminals and malicious actors increasingly exploit the digital economy. “The global law enforcement community is struggling with the sheer volume of cyber-related crimes,” Jürgen Stock, the Secretary-General of INTERPOL, said during the World Economic Forum’s 2024 Annual Meeting in Davos. “The crime statistics only go in one direction, which is up.” Cybercrime rose significantly during the COVID-19 pandemic. Currently, large and sophisticated cybercrimes continue to be deployed today. They are also becoming more expensive for the targeted companies and organizations. The average global cost of a data breach reached US$ 4.45 million last year, according to the latest research, the highest level ever recorded. In Davos, experts maintain that so-called security by design is key to bolstering cyber resilience. The concept of security by design entails building cybersecurity protocols into software and hardware products from the earliest development stage. This approach allows safeguards to be embedded at each state of operation and limits the chances of cybersecurity vulnerabilities emerging as products develop and are put into use. “It has become an imperative for the digital public infrastructure,” Debjani Ghosh, President of Indian technology non-profit NASSCOM, said of security by design. The international community needs to “start thinking about the processes we can put in place to make sure that we can support each other and defend each other’s public infrastructures,” Sadie Creese, a Professor of Cybersecurity at the University of Oxford, said in Davos. Internet: (adapted). Based on text CG2A1-I, judge the following item .

Text CG2A1-I Industry, government and law enforcement agencies are in race to keep up with the vast cybercrime ecosystem, experts say, as cybercriminals and malicious actors increasingly exploit the digital economy. “The global law enforcement community is struggling with the sheer volume of cyber-related crimes,” Jürgen Stock, the Secretary-General of INTERPOL, said during the World Economic Forum’s 2024 Annual Meeting in Davos. “The crime statistics only go in one direction, which is up.” Cybercrime rose significantly during the COVID-19 pandemic. Currently, large and sophisticated cybercrimes continue to be deployed today. They are also becoming more expensive for the targeted companies and organizations. The average global cost of a data breach reached US$ 4.45 million last year, according to the latest research, the highest level ever recorded. In Davos, experts maintain that so-called security by design is key to bolstering cyber resilience. The concept of security by design entails building cybersecurity protocols into software and hardware products from the earliest development stage. This approach allows safeguards to be embedded at each state of operation and limits the chances of cybersecurity vulnerabilities emerging as products develop and are put into use. “It has become an imperative for the digital public infrastructure,” Debjani Ghosh, President of Indian technology non-profit NASSCOM, said of security by design. The international community needs to “start thinking about the processes we can put in place to make sure that we can support each other and defend each other’s public infrastructures,” Sadie Creese, a Professor of Cybersecurity at the University of Oxford, said in Davos. Internet: (adapted). Based on text CG2A1-I, judge the following item .

Text CG2A1-I Industry, government and law enforcement agencies are in race to keep up with the vast cybercrime ecosystem, experts say, as cybercriminals and malicious actors increasingly exploit the digital economy. “The global law enforcement community is struggling with the sheer volume of cyber-related crimes,” Jürgen Stock, the Secretary-General of INTERPOL, said during the World Economic Forum’s 2024 Annual Meeting in Davos. “The crime statistics only go in one direction, which is up.” Cybercrime rose significantly during the COVID-19 pandemic. Currently, large and sophisticated cybercrimes continue to be deployed today. They are also becoming more expensive for the targeted companies and organizations. The average global cost of a data breach reached US$ 4.45 million last year, according to the latest research, the highest level ever recorded. In Davos, experts maintain that so-called security by design is key to bolstering cyber resilience. The concept of security by design entails building cybersecurity protocols into software and hardware products from the earliest development stage. This approach allows safeguards to be embedded at each state of operation and limits the chances of cybersecurity vulnerabilities emerging as products develop and are put into use. “It has become an imperative for the digital public infrastructure,” Debjani Ghosh, President of Indian technology non-profit NASSCOM, said of security by design. The international community needs to “start thinking about the processes we can put in place to make sure that we can support each other and defend each other’s public infrastructures,” Sadie Creese, a Professor of Cybersecurity at the University of Oxford, said in Davos. Internet: (adapted). Based on text CG2A1-I, judge the following item .