Questões para Concursos

TEXT 1

Answer the questions from 41 to 43 according to the text 1.

Alguns conceitos parecem já não atender as perspectivas de compreensão de uma língua que “viralizou” e se tornou “miscigenada”, como é o caso do conceito de língua estrangeira, fortemente criticado por seu viés eurocêntrico. Outras terminologias, mais recentemente propostas, também provocam um intenso debate no campo, tais como inglês como língua internacional, como língua global, como língua adicional, como língua franca, dentre outras. Em que pese as diferenças entre uma terminologia e outra, suas ênfases, pontos de contato e eventuais sobreposições, o tratamento dado ao componente na BNCC prioriza o foco da função social e política do inglês e, nesse sentido, passa a tratá-la em seu status de língua franca. O conceito não é novo e tem sido recontextualizado por teóricos do campo em estudos recentes que analisam os usos da língua inglesa no mundo contemporâneo.
Nessa proposta, a língua inglesa não é mais aquela do “estrangeiro”, oriundo de países hegemônicos, cujos falantes servem de modelo a ser seguido, nem tampouco trata-se de uma variante da língua inglesa. Nessa perspectiva, são acolhidos e legitimados os usos que dela fazem falantes espalhados no mundo inteiro, com diferentes repertórios linguísticos e culturais, o que possibilita, por exemplo, questionar a visão de que o único inglês “correto” – e a ser ensinado – é aquele falado por estadunidenses ou britânicos. Mais ainda, o tratamento do inglês como língua franca o desvincula da noção de pertencimento a um determinado território e, consequentemente, a culturas típicas de comunidades específicas, legitimando os usos da língua inglesa em seus contextos locais.
Esse entendimento favorece uma educação linguística voltada para a interculturalidade, isto é, para o reconhecimento das (e o respeito às) diferenças, e para a compreensão de como elas são produzidas nas diversas práticas sociais de linguagem, o que favorece a reflexão crítica sobre diferentes modos de ver e de analisar o mundo, o(s) outro(s) e a si mesmo.
Brasil. Ministério da Educação. Base Nacional Comum Curricular. 2017. Adaptado.

A deep freeze this week in the Lone Star state, which relies on electricity to heat many homes, is causing power demand to skyrocket. At the same time, natural gas, coal, wind and nuclear facilities in Texas have been knocked offline by the unthinkably low temperatures.
“The extreme cold is causing the entire system to freeze up,” said Jason Bordoff, director of Columbia University’s Center on Global Energy Policy. “All sources of energy are underperforming in the extreme cold because they’re not designed to handle these unusual conditions.”
The ripple effects are being felt around the nation as Texas’ prolific oil-and-gas industry stumbles.
It’s striking that these power outages are happening in a state with abundant energy resources. Texas produces more electricity than any other US state — generating almost twice as much as Florida, the next-closest, according to federal statistics.
Wind power is also booming in Texas, which produced about 28% of all the US wind-powered electricity in 2019, the EIA said. But the problem is that not only is Texas an energy superpower, it tends to be an above-average temperature state. That means its infrastructure is ill-prepared for the cold spell currently wreaking havoc. And the consequences are being felt by millions.
Critics of renewable energy have pointed out that wind turbines have frozen or needed to be shut down due to the extreme weather.
Even though other places with colder weather (like Iowa and Denmark) rely on wind for even larger shares of power, experts said the turbines in Texas were not winterized for the unexpected freeze.
But this is not just about wind turbines going down. Natural gas and coal-fired power plants need water to stay online. Yet those water facilities froze in the cold temperatures and others lost access to the electricity they require to operate.
It’s too early to definitively say what went wrong in Texas and how to prevent similar outages. More information will need to be released by state authorities. Still, some experts say the criticism of wind power appears overdone already. “In terms of the blame game, the focus on wind is a red herring. It’s more of a political issue than what is causing the power problems on the grid,” said Dan Cohan, associate professor of environmental engineering at Rice University.
The energy crisis in Texas raises also questions about the nature of the state’s deregulated and decentralized electric grid. Unlike other states, Texas has made a conscious decision to isolate its grid from the rest of the country.
That means that when things are running smoothly, Texas can’t export excess power to neighboring states. And in the current crisis, it can’t import power either.

Internet: (adapted).

About ideas stated in the text above and the words used in it, judge the following items.

In a nutshell, police officers maintain law and order, protect the general public, investigate crimes and prevent criminal activity from happening.
If you become a police officer, your career will be all about crime prevention, prosecution and punishment. Policing is such a varied career path that you could find yourself doing all kinds of activities.
You might be responsible for preventing heinous crimes and stopping dangerous criminal groups, such as organised crime syndicates. Alternatively, you might be working to diminish anti-social behaviour, or you might be taking part in counter-terrorism activities.
Moreover, you might be responsible for investigating crimes against people and their property, or maintaining public peace and order at large events, public gatherings and protests.
At all times, police officers must make sure their actions comply with current legislation. Consequently, police officers must keep up to date with the latest developments in crime detection and prevention.

Internet: (adapted).

Concerning the text above, judge the following items.

Text 9A3-I

If you were to judge 2018’s most important legal technology by looking at conference agendas and media coverage, you’d probably say it was the continuing development of artificial intelligence. But if you judge the most important technology by its direct impact on the practice of law, then it would have to be analytics. As I suggested in a recent column, we could be nearing the point where it would be malpractice for a lawyer not to use analytics.

Internet: (adapted).

Text 3A2-II

It was Maria’s first day at school, her first week in the United States. Her middle school in San Francisco was the biggest building she’d ever seen. It was bigger than the entire Best Buy store she’d walked through in awe on her first day in the city.
Eventually, Maria found her way to class, a special setting for Spanish-speaking newcomers. There she would practice English words for colors and numbers, learn how to introduce herself and how to say thank you. By eighth grade she was moved into mainstream classes, where she struggled. It didn’t help that her math teacher started each class by saying, “Okay, my little dummies.” He spoke really fast. Maria never raised her hand in his class.
One day Maria stopped by the administrative office, looking for someone to help her with multiplication. She took her spot in line behind a middle-aged woman who chatted with her in Spanish as they waited. Maria said school was really hard for her. The woman told her not to worry. “Latinas usually don’t finish high school,” she said. “They go to work or raise kids.”
The woman was right, statistically speaking, and Maria’s middle-school experience all but ensured she’d join the 52 percent of foreign-born Latinos who drop out of high school. She graduated from eighth grade without learning to speak English. She had a hard time writing in Spanish and didn’t know how to multiply.

Everything you’ve heard about failing schools is wrong. Internet: (adapted

A Brazilian company has agreed to pay nearly $ 7 billion in compensation after a dam collapsed at one of its mines in Brazil two years ago, killing 270 people and causing huge damage to the local environment. The settlement with the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais, which was announced on Thursday, is the largest in the country’s history, according to local media.
The Court of Justice of Minas Gerais mediated the agreement, which will provide funds for affected communities, emergency aid and resources for urban mobility. In January 2019, a dam holding waste water from the company’s iron ore mine in the town of Brumadinho burst, burying the workers’ cafeteria and dozens of homes under a toxic wave of sludge. It also polluted local rivers.
Minas Gerais, a state whose name translates to “general mines”, is a mining hub in the southeast of Brazil. The 2019 disaster came after another mining dam in the state burst in November 2015, inundating the small village of Mariana and killing 19 people.
“Our company is committed to fully repair and compensate the damage caused by the tragedy in Brumadinho and to increasingly contribute to the improvement and development of the communities in which we operate,” the company’s CEO said in a statement.
In 2016, a mining company reached a deal with the Brazilian government to pay up to 24 billion reais ($ 6,2 billion) over the Mariana dam collapse.
The disasters, which left thousands of families in mourning, have renewed scrutiny of the company’s practices and of environmental regulations in Minas Gerais. The company involved in the Brumadinho disaster has said that since the latest breach two years ago, it has tried to work with “the impacted families, providing assistance to restore their dignity, well-being and livelihoods.”
“In addition to meeting the most immediate needs of the affected people and regions, it is also working to deliver projects that promote lasting change to recover communities and benefit the population effectively,” the company said in its statement.
Internet: < edition.cnn.com > (adapted).

According to the previous text, judge the following items.

Text 9A3-I I

If you were to judge 2018’s most important legal technology by looking at conference agendas and media coverage, you’d probably say it was the continuing development of artificial intelligence. But if you judge the most important technology by its direct impact on the practice of law, then it would have to be analytics. As I suggested in a recent column, we could be nearing the point where it would be malpractice for a lawyer not to use analytics.

Internet: (adapted)

A Brazilian company has agreed to pay nearly $ 7 billion in compensation after a dam collapsed at one of its mines in Brazil two years ago, killing 270 people and causing huge damage to the local environment. The settlement with the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais, which was announced on Thursday, is the largest in the country’s history, according to local media.
The Court of Justice of Minas Gerais mediated the agreement, which will provide funds for affected communities, emergency aid and resources for urban mobility. In January 2019, a dam holding waste water from the company’s iron ore mine in the town of Brumadinho burst, burying the workers’ cafeteria and dozens of homes under a toxic wave of sludge. It also polluted local rivers.
Minas Gerais, a state whose name translates to “general mines”, is a mining hub in the southeast of Brazil. The 2019 disaster came after another mining dam in the state burst in November 2015, inundating the small village of Mariana and killing 19 people.
“Our company is committed to fully repair and compensate the damage caused by the tragedy in Brumadinho and to increasingly contribute to the improvement and development of the communities in which we operate,” the company’s CEO said in a statement.
In 2016, a mining company reached a deal with the Brazilian government to pay up to 24 billion reais ($ 6,2 billion) over the Mariana dam collapse.
The disasters, which left thousands of families in mourning, have renewed scrutiny of the company’s practices and of environmental regulations in Minas Gerais. The company involved in the Brumadinho disaster has said that since the latest breach two years ago, it has tried to work with “the impacted families, providing assistance to restore their dignity, well-being and livelihoods.”
“In addition to meeting the most immediate needs of the affected people and regions, it is also working to deliver projects that promote lasting change to recover communities and benefit the population effectively,” the company said in its statement.
Internet: < edition.cnn.com > (adapted).

According to the previous text, judge the following items.

China has charged ahead with a bold effort to remake the way that government-backed money works, rolling out its own digital currency with different qualities than cash or digital deposits. The country’s central bank started testing a new electronic currency, which was named electronic Chinese yuan or eCNY, last year in four cities and have recently expanded those trials to bigger cities such as Beijing and Shanghai, according to government presentations. No other major power is as far along with a homegrown digital currency.
The effort is one of several by central banks around the world to try new forms of digital money that can move faster and give even the most disadvantaged people access to online financial tools. Digital currencies created by central banks give governments more of a financial grip. These currencies can enable direct handouts of money that expire if not used by a particular date and can make it easier for governments to track financial transactions to stamp out tax evasion and crack down on dissidents.
If the eCNY is successful, it will give the central bank new powers, including novel types of monetary policy to help the economy grow. In one possibility that economists have discussed, a central bank could program its digital currency to slowly lose value so that consumers are encouraged to spend it immediately. Also, the eCNY could immediately give the Chinese government more power to monitor finance flows because a digital currency system can record every transaction.

Internet: (adapted).

Judge the following items, concerning the ideas stated in the text and the words used in it.