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Texto associado
Read the following comic
strip and answer questions 46 to 48.

Source:
https://www.comicskingdom.com/hagar-
the-horrible/. Access: 02/12/2019

The characters in the comic strip are talking about going to heaven. Mark what is TRUE about what Hagar, the character of the left, say to Eddie, the character of the right:

A Hagar hopes animals go to heaven because he is a pet lover.
B Hagar expects animals go to heaven so that he could eat meat there.
C Hagar thinks animals shouldn’t go to heaven because they could become food in there.
D Hagar believes Eddie should have a pet since his friend really likes animals.

A data scientist obtained the following error message: “session attached to some other process; cannot switch session.” The word ‘attached’ in this message means

A broken.
B failed.
C assigned.
D associated.
E exchanged.
Texto associado
TEXT I – Questions 21 to 23.

Taking into account the sentence: “If you weren’t a Viking Raider, what would you be doing?”, it is correct to say that:

A The sentence is built with the zero conditional and it expresses a general truth in the present.
B The sentence is built with the first conditional and it expresses a possibility for the future.
C The sentence is built with the second conditional and it expresses a hypothetical condition for the present and its probable result.
D The sentence is built with the third conditional and it expresses an unreal past condition and its probable result in the past.
E The sentence is built with the mixed type conditional and it expresses and unreal condition and its probable result in the present.
Texto associado
Read the following
article
and answer questions 49 to 55.

Can Allergies Cause
Coughing — Or Is It Just
A Cold?
Important q: Is it phlegmy
or dry?
BY
CASSIE SHORTSLEEVE

No matter why it's
happening, a cough is always annoying
—it's
loud, it's uncomfortable, and it never fails
to garner unwanted
attention.
But
what's
really behind that cough? Can allergies
cause coughing — or do you just have an
annoying cold?
Well, turns out, there are
some pretty distinct differences between
allergy coughs and cold coughs...

Just
curious: Why do we cough, anyway?

"The
purpose of a cough is to help us," says
Monica Lee, MD, an otolaryngologist at
Massachusetts Eye and Ear. It’s your body’s
way of trying to expel something it
perceives as a threat in the airway, she
says.
Those
perceived threats can be a bunch
of different things: a piece of food stuck
in your throat, pollen, air pollution, or
swelling or drainage from extra mucus in
your throat. All those things irritate the
sensory fibers in your airway, which then
stimulate a cough.
As for what exactly
happens in your body during a cough? It's
kind of complex, says Dr. Lee. Basically,
your vocal chords close briefly
to generate
pressure in the lungs. Once enough pressure
is built up, your vocal chords open back up,
and air flows quickly through your voice
box, which generates that coughing sound.
Kinda cool, huh?
7So...can allergies cause
coughing? Give it to me straight.

In short,
yes. Usually, allergies create dry coughs
(it’s a direct reaction to something you’re
sensitive or allergic to in the airways). If
that's the case, you’ll likely have other
symptoms (think: itchy , watery
eyes; a runny
nose; an itchy throat; and sneezing, says
Dr. Lee). Headaches and wheezing
often come
with allergies, too, according to the
American College of Allergy, Asthma, and
Immunology.

Remind Me: When Is
Allergy
Season?
Timing's also a factor. If
you're
allergic to pollen (or your BFF's new
adorable kitten), for example, you’ll likely
notice symptoms (including your cough)
almost immediately, or within an hour of
being exposed. And those symptoms could last
for hours after you've been exposed — even
after the allergen isn't nearby anymore.

Coughs related to
allergies are also
dependent on patterns, so doctors always try
to look at the big picture. Say you get a
cough every single March. That could be a
sign you're actually suffering from
allergies, instead of the common cold. "You
need to look at everything that's going on,"
says Paul Bryson, MD, an otolaryngologist at
the Cleveland Clinic.
Your best defense for
a cough from allergies? Antihistamines like
Allegra, Claritin, and Zyrtec, which are all
available over-the-counter. Other options
include steroid nasal sprays and
immunotherapy shots, which can work to
regulate your body's response to allergens,
instead of just relieving the
symptoms.
How
do I know my cough is from a cold?

You know
how allergy coughs are typically on the
drier side? Coughs from colds (or the flu)
tend to be on the wetter side (that
"wetness" is actually mucus your body which
is trying to move out of your body, says Dr.
Lee).
Coughs
that come along with a cold
usually come along with stuffiness, along
with postnasal drip (a.k.a., mucus running
down the back of your throat), which can
cause a sore throat or chest discomfort. A
low-grade fever may also signal a cold
instead of allergies.
Colds aren't as
immediate as allergies. Instead, they tend
to develop over the course of a few days,
says Dr. Bryson.
You can try a few different
things to help relieve a cough.
Decongestants can work for, well,
congestion. And ingredients like
dextromethorphan (found in many multi-
symptom products like Vicks NyQuil Cold
&
Flu Nighttime Relief) can help ease the
coughing itself. Just make sure you take any
products as-directed.
It should be said,
however, that a dry cough isn't
always
allergies, just like a wet cough isn't
always a cold. Allergies can plague
your
nose, for example, causing post-nasal drip
(a wet cough), while mild colds might not
leave you stuffed up enough to produce any
phlegm.

Do I ever need to
worry about a
cough?
Something important to
remember: A
cough — no matter its cause — shouldn’t be
your norm.
Colds
usually run their course
within a couple of weeks, which means a
cough associated with a cold should go away
in about three weeks time (though some can
linger on for as long as eight weeks),
according to the U.S. National Library of
Medicine. The length of an allergy-related
cough will vary depending on how (if) you're
treating it.
But
if you notice you’re still
barking after two months of symptoms, see
your doc. You could either be dealing with
an allergy you’re not aware of (this is
where an allergy test could come into play)
or potentially suffering from another issue
such as asthma (especially if you notice
shortness of breath with any of your
symptoms), reflux, pneumonia, or bronchitis,
says Dr. Bryson.
And if something (allergies
or a pesky cold) is bothering you enough to
disrupt your life, don't put off getting it
checked out. If nothing else, seeing a doc
will give you peace of mind and maybe even
speed up your recovery time.

SOURCE:https://www.womenshea
lthmag.com/health/a26289646/coughing-from-
allergies-or-
cold/. Access: 02/12/2019.

Mark the option that best describes the main subject discussed in the article:

A The article gives instructions on how to prevent from a cold or an allergic reaction.
B The article warns people who cough all the time to look for a doctor.
C The article talks about how one can differ coughing as a result of an allergic reaction or of a cold.
D The article gives people tips on how to get rid of allergies once they’ve started.
Texto associado
Read the following
article
and answer questions 49 to 55.

Can Allergies Cause
Coughing — Or Is It Just
A Cold?
Important q: Is it phlegmy
or dry?
BY
CASSIE SHORTSLEEVE

No matter why it's
happening, a cough is always annoying
—it's
loud, it's uncomfortable, and it never fails
to garner unwanted
attention.
But
what's
really behind that cough? Can allergies
cause coughing — or do you just have an
annoying cold?
Well, turns out, there are
some pretty distinct differences between
allergy coughs and cold coughs...

Just
curious: Why do we cough, anyway?

"The
purpose of a cough is to help us," says
Monica Lee, MD, an otolaryngologist at
Massachusetts Eye and Ear. It’s your body’s
way of trying to expel something it
perceives as a threat in the airway, she
says.
Those
perceived threats can be a bunch
of different things: a piece of food stuck
in your throat, pollen, air pollution, or
swelling or drainage from extra mucus in
your throat. All those things irritate the
sensory fibers in your airway, which then
stimulate a cough.
As for what exactly
happens in your body during a cough? It's
kind of complex, says Dr. Lee. Basically,
your vocal chords close briefly
to generate
pressure in the lungs. Once enough pressure
is built up, your vocal chords open back up,
and air flows quickly through your voice
box, which generates that coughing sound.
Kinda cool, huh?
7So...can allergies cause
coughing? Give it to me straight.

In short,
yes. Usually, allergies create dry coughs
(it’s a direct reaction to something you’re
sensitive or allergic to in the airways). If
that's the case, you’ll likely have other
symptoms (think: itchy , watery
eyes; a runny
nose; an itchy throat; and sneezing, says
Dr. Lee). Headaches and wheezing
often come
with allergies, too, according to the
American College of Allergy, Asthma, and
Immunology.

Remind Me: When Is
Allergy
Season?
Timing's also a factor. If
you're
allergic to pollen (or your BFF's new
adorable kitten), for example, you’ll likely
notice symptoms (including your cough)
almost immediately, or within an hour of
being exposed. And those symptoms could last
for hours after you've been exposed — even
after the allergen isn't nearby anymore.

Coughs related to
allergies are also
dependent on patterns, so doctors always try
to look at the big picture. Say you get a
cough every single March. That could be a
sign you're actually suffering from
allergies, instead of the common cold. "You
need to look at everything that's going on,"
says Paul Bryson, MD, an otolaryngologist at
the Cleveland Clinic.
Your best defense for
a cough from allergies? Antihistamines like
Allegra, Claritin, and Zyrtec, which are all
available over-the-counter. Other options
include steroid nasal sprays and
immunotherapy shots, which can work to
regulate your body's response to allergens,
instead of just relieving the
symptoms.
How
do I know my cough is from a cold?

You know
how allergy coughs are typically on the
drier side? Coughs from colds (or the flu)
tend to be on the wetter side (that
"wetness" is actually mucus your body which
is trying to move out of your body, says Dr.
Lee).
Coughs
that come along with a cold
usually come along with stuffiness, along
with postnasal drip (a.k.a., mucus running
down the back of your throat), which can
cause a sore throat or chest discomfort. A
low-grade fever may also signal a cold
instead of allergies.
Colds aren't as
immediate as allergies. Instead, they tend
to develop over the course of a few days,
says Dr. Bryson.
You can try a few different
things to help relieve a cough.
Decongestants can work for, well,
congestion. And ingredients like
dextromethorphan (found in many multi-
symptom products like Vicks NyQuil Cold
&
Flu Nighttime Relief) can help ease the
coughing itself. Just make sure you take any
products as-directed.
It should be said,
however, that a dry cough isn't
always
allergies, just like a wet cough isn't
always a cold. Allergies can plague
your
nose, for example, causing post-nasal drip
(a wet cough), while mild colds might not
leave you stuffed up enough to produce any
phlegm.

Do I ever need to
worry about a
cough?
Something important to
remember: A
cough — no matter its cause — shouldn’t be
your norm.
Colds
usually run their course
within a couple of weeks, which means a
cough associated with a cold should go away
in about three weeks time (though some can
linger on for as long as eight weeks),
according to the U.S. National Library of
Medicine. The length of an allergy-related
cough will vary depending on how (if) you're
treating it.
But
if you notice you’re still
barking after two months of symptoms, see
your doc. You could either be dealing with
an allergy you’re not aware of (this is
where an allergy test could come into play)
or potentially suffering from another issue
such as asthma (especially if you notice
shortness of breath with any of your
symptoms), reflux, pneumonia, or bronchitis,
says Dr. Bryson.
And if something (allergies
or a pesky cold) is bothering you enough to
disrupt your life, don't put off getting it
checked out. If nothing else, seeing a doc
will give you peace of mind and maybe even
speed up your recovery time.

SOURCE:https://www.womenshea
lthmag.com/health/a26289646/coughing-from-
allergies-or-
cold/. Access: 02/12/2019.

According to the text, what is INCORRECT about coughing:

A Coughs related to colds normally make the body expel mucus either from your nose or throat.
B Coughs related to allergies usually appear at certain specific times of the year depending on the season.
C Coughs related to allergies are usually dry because they are responses to something that irritates the airways.
D Coughs related to allergies always produce phlegm, that is, the thick mucus secreted in the respiratory passages.
Texto associado
Read the following
article
and answer questions 49 to 55.

Can Allergies Cause
Coughing — Or Is It Just
A Cold?
Important q: Is it phlegmy
or dry?
BY
CASSIE SHORTSLEEVE

No matter why it's
happening, a cough is always annoying
—it's
loud, it's uncomfortable, and it never fails
to garner unwanted
attention.
But
what's
really behind that cough? Can allergies
cause coughing — or do you just have an
annoying cold?
Well, turns out, there are
some pretty distinct differences between
allergy coughs and cold coughs...

Just
curious: Why do we cough, anyway?

"The
purpose of a cough is to help us," says
Monica Lee, MD, an otolaryngologist at
Massachusetts Eye and Ear. It’s your body’s
way of trying to expel something it
perceives as a threat in the airway, she
says.
Those
perceived threats can be a bunch
of different things: a piece of food stuck
in your throat, pollen, air pollution, or
swelling or drainage from extra mucus in
your throat. All those things irritate the
sensory fibers in your airway, which then
stimulate a cough.
As for what exactly
happens in your body during a cough? It's
kind of complex, says Dr. Lee. Basically,
your vocal chords close briefly
to generate
pressure in the lungs. Once enough pressure
is built up, your vocal chords open back up,
and air flows quickly through your voice
box, which generates that coughing sound.
Kinda cool, huh?
7So...can allergies cause
coughing? Give it to me straight.

In short,
yes. Usually, allergies create dry coughs
(it’s a direct reaction to something you’re
sensitive or allergic to in the airways). If
that's the case, you’ll likely have other
symptoms (think: itchy , watery
eyes; a runny
nose; an itchy throat; and sneezing, says
Dr. Lee). Headaches and wheezing
often come
with allergies, too, according to the
American College of Allergy, Asthma, and
Immunology.

Remind Me: When Is
Allergy
Season?
Timing's also a factor. If
you're
allergic to pollen (or your BFF's new
adorable kitten), for example, you’ll likely
notice symptoms (including your cough)
almost immediately, or within an hour of
being exposed. And those symptoms could last
for hours after you've been exposed — even
after the allergen isn't nearby anymore.

Coughs related to
allergies are also
dependent on patterns, so doctors always try
to look at the big picture. Say you get a
cough every single March. That could be a
sign you're actually suffering from
allergies, instead of the common cold. "You
need to look at everything that's going on,"
says Paul Bryson, MD, an otolaryngologist at
the Cleveland Clinic.
Your best defense for
a cough from allergies? Antihistamines like
Allegra, Claritin, and Zyrtec, which are all
available over-the-counter. Other options
include steroid nasal sprays and
immunotherapy shots, which can work to
regulate your body's response to allergens,
instead of just relieving the
symptoms.
How
do I know my cough is from a cold?

You know
how allergy coughs are typically on the
drier side? Coughs from colds (or the flu)
tend to be on the wetter side (that
"wetness" is actually mucus your body which
is trying to move out of your body, says Dr.
Lee).
Coughs
that come along with a cold
usually come along with stuffiness, along
with postnasal drip (a.k.a., mucus running
down the back of your throat), which can
cause a sore throat or chest discomfort. A
low-grade fever may also signal a cold
instead of allergies.
Colds aren't as
immediate as allergies. Instead, they tend
to develop over the course of a few days,
says Dr. Bryson.
You can try a few different
things to help relieve a cough.
Decongestants can work for, well,
congestion. And ingredients like
dextromethorphan (found in many multi-
symptom products like Vicks NyQuil Cold
&
Flu Nighttime Relief) can help ease the
coughing itself. Just make sure you take any
products as-directed.
It should be said,
however, that a dry cough isn't
always
allergies, just like a wet cough isn't
always a cold. Allergies can plague
your
nose, for example, causing post-nasal drip
(a wet cough), while mild colds might not
leave you stuffed up enough to produce any
phlegm.

Do I ever need to
worry about a
cough?
Something important to
remember: A
cough — no matter its cause — shouldn’t be
your norm.
Colds
usually run their course
within a couple of weeks, which means a
cough associated with a cold should go away
in about three weeks time (though some can
linger on for as long as eight weeks),
according to the U.S. National Library of
Medicine. The length of an allergy-related
cough will vary depending on how (if) you're
treating it.
But
if you notice you’re still
barking after two months of symptoms, see
your doc. You could either be dealing with
an allergy you’re not aware of (this is
where an allergy test could come into play)
or potentially suffering from another issue
such as asthma (especially if you notice
shortness of breath with any of your
symptoms), reflux, pneumonia, or bronchitis,
says Dr. Bryson.
And if something (allergies
or a pesky cold) is bothering you enough to
disrupt your life, don't put off getting it
checked out. If nothing else, seeing a doc
will give you peace of mind and maybe even
speed up your recovery time.

SOURCE:https://www.womenshea
lthmag.com/health/a26289646/coughing-from-
allergies-or-
cold/. Access: 02/12/2019.

The last part of the article answers to the question “Do I ever need to worry about a cough?”. Mark the excerpt taken from the text which talks about when a person should start to worry:

A “Colds usually run their course within a couple of weeks (…)”.
B “But if you notice you’re still barking after two months of symptoms (…)”.
C “The length of an allergy-related cough will vary (…)”.
D “(…) some [colds] can linger on for as long as eight weeks (…)”.
Texto associado
TEXT V – Questions 40 to 49.

I happily advertise the fact I breastfed – it’s

high time that brands embraced it too

by Nell Frizzell

New ads by Aldi, Adidas and Sainsbury’s all
feature breastfeeding mothers. Hopefully this will
normalize the process to help new parents feed
with ease

It may be some time yet until we see a mother
in an advert precariously balancing her
child/bag/shopping/pets before pushing a nipple
into the mouth of a howling, jam-smeared toddler.
But when they do, oh boy, are my days as a model
really going to get going.

In recent weeks, a series of adverts have
appeared from Tu at Sainsbury’s, Adidas and Aldi,
all featuring breastfeeding mothers. Some are
wearing flowery blouses and have tattoos, others
are holding a naked baby between the zips of a
sports top. Of course the women are good-looking,
of course they are slim, of course we cannot
actually see anything as erotically charged or as
morally unsettling as an areola – this is still
advertising, after all. But it is, surely, a start.

As someone who breastfed her son for 21 shirtlifting,
bra-soaking, carefree months, I am of
course pleased to see breastfeeding being held up
as something both everyday and aspirational. It is
as prosaic as a trip to the supermarket yet as
physically impressive as professional sport. It
belongs on billboards and screens as much as
beds and sofas.

There is no such thing as “normal” when it
comes to babies or bodies. But to normalize
something that, in the words of UNICEF, has a
profoundly positive impact on child health, is of
course to be celebrated. You might find yourself
whipping out a boob on a train full of football fans;
you might squirt milk across somebody else’s coat
on the bus; you might find yourself answering the
door with your full breast outside your clothes
without noticing. And if the presence of big brands
behind your bra straps encourage you to keep
feeding, then all power to your elbow. It is a shame
that this hasn’t happened sooner, but it’s better late
than never – and there’s no use crying over spilled
(breast) milk.

(Source:
https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/shortcuts/2019/oct/02/adve
rts-breastfeeding-mothers-aldi-adidas-sainsburys.Access:
08/01/2020)

According to the Parâmetros Curriculares
Nacionais (1998), the learning of a foreign
language depends on the “(…)
engajamento discursivo do aluno, ou
seja, em sua capacidade de se engajar e
engajar outros no discurso, de modo a
poder agir no mundo social.” Taking into
account the language teaching
methodologies, which one best aligns
with the PCN proposal for teaching a
foreign language?

A The Grammar-translation method.
B The Direct Method.
C The Audio-lingual method.
D The Communicative Approach.
E The Task-based language learning.
Texto associado
Read the following
article
and answer questions 49 to 55.

Can Allergies Cause
Coughing — Or Is It Just
A Cold?
Important q: Is it phlegmy
or dry?
BY
CASSIE SHORTSLEEVE

No matter why it's
happening, a cough is always annoying
—it's
loud, it's uncomfortable, and it never fails
to garner unwanted
attention.
But
what's
really behind that cough? Can allergies
cause coughing — or do you just have an
annoying cold?
Well, turns out, there are
some pretty distinct differences between
allergy coughs and cold coughs...

Just
curious: Why do we cough, anyway?

"The
purpose of a cough is to help us," says
Monica Lee, MD, an otolaryngologist at
Massachusetts Eye and Ear. It’s your body’s
way of trying to expel something it
perceives as a threat in the airway, she
says.
Those
perceived threats can be a bunch
of different things: a piece of food stuck
in your throat, pollen, air pollution, or
swelling or drainage from extra mucus in
your throat. All those things irritate the
sensory fibers in your airway, which then
stimulate a cough.
As for what exactly
happens in your body during a cough? It's
kind of complex, says Dr. Lee. Basically,
your vocal chords close briefly
to generate
pressure in the lungs. Once enough pressure
is built up, your vocal chords open back up,
and air flows quickly through your voice
box, which generates that coughing sound.
Kinda cool, huh?
7So...can allergies cause
coughing? Give it to me straight.

In short,
yes. Usually, allergies create dry coughs
(it’s a direct reaction to something you’re
sensitive or allergic to in the airways). If
that's the case, you’ll likely have other
symptoms (think: itchy , watery
eyes; a runny
nose; an itchy throat; and sneezing, says
Dr. Lee). Headaches and wheezing
often come
with allergies, too, according to the
American College of Allergy, Asthma, and
Immunology.

Remind Me: When Is
Allergy
Season?
Timing's also a factor. If
you're
allergic to pollen (or your BFF's new
adorable kitten), for example, you’ll likely
notice symptoms (including your cough)
almost immediately, or within an hour of
being exposed. And those symptoms could last
for hours after you've been exposed — even
after the allergen isn't nearby anymore.

Coughs related to
allergies are also
dependent on patterns, so doctors always try
to look at the big picture. Say you get a
cough every single March. That could be a
sign you're actually suffering from
allergies, instead of the common cold. "You
need to look at everything that's going on,"
says Paul Bryson, MD, an otolaryngologist at
the Cleveland Clinic.
Your best defense for
a cough from allergies? Antihistamines like
Allegra, Claritin, and Zyrtec, which are all
available over-the-counter. Other options
include steroid nasal sprays and
immunotherapy shots, which can work to
regulate your body's response to allergens,
instead of just relieving the
symptoms.
How
do I know my cough is from a cold?

You know
how allergy coughs are typically on the
drier side? Coughs from colds (or the flu)
tend to be on the wetter side (that
"wetness" is actually mucus your body which
is trying to move out of your body, says Dr.
Lee).
Coughs
that come along with a cold
usually come along with stuffiness, along
with postnasal drip (a.k.a., mucus running
down the back of your throat), which can
cause a sore throat or chest discomfort. A
low-grade fever may also signal a cold
instead of allergies.
Colds aren't as
immediate as allergies. Instead, they tend
to develop over the course of a few days,
says Dr. Bryson.
You can try a few different
things to help relieve a cough.
Decongestants can work for, well,
congestion. And ingredients like
dextromethorphan (found in many multi-
symptom products like Vicks NyQuil Cold
&
Flu Nighttime Relief) can help ease the
coughing itself. Just make sure you take any
products as-directed.
It should be said,
however, that a dry cough isn't
always
allergies, just like a wet cough isn't
always a cold. Allergies can plague
your
nose, for example, causing post-nasal drip
(a wet cough), while mild colds might not
leave you stuffed up enough to produce any
phlegm.

Do I ever need to
worry about a
cough?
Something important to
remember: A
cough — no matter its cause — shouldn’t be
your norm.
Colds
usually run their course
within a couple of weeks, which means a
cough associated with a cold should go away
in about three weeks time (though some can
linger on for as long as eight weeks),
according to the U.S. National Library of
Medicine. The length of an allergy-related
cough will vary depending on how (if) you're
treating it.
But
if you notice you’re still
barking after two months of symptoms, see
your doc. You could either be dealing with
an allergy you’re not aware of (this is
where an allergy test could come into play)
or potentially suffering from another issue
such as asthma (especially if you notice
shortness of breath with any of your
symptoms), reflux, pneumonia, or bronchitis,
says Dr. Bryson.
And if something (allergies
or a pesky cold) is bothering you enough to
disrupt your life, don't put off getting it
checked out. If nothing else, seeing a doc
will give you peace of mind and maybe even
speed up your recovery time.

SOURCE:https://www.womenshea
lthmag.com/health/a26289646/coughing-from-
allergies-or-
cold/. Access: 02/12/2019.

Taking into account the excerpt “And if something (allergies or a pesky cold) is bothering you enough to disrupt your life, don't put off getting it checked out”, analyze the following statements and mark the INCORRECT one:

A “Put off” is a phrasal verb which means “to delay or postpone something”.
B The conjunction “If” establishes a condition in the sentence.
C The word “pesky” works in the sentence as a noun meaning “annoying”.
D The possessive adjective “your” refers to the reader of the article.
Texto associado
Read the following
article
and answer questions 49 to 55.

Can Allergies Cause
Coughing — Or Is It Just
A Cold?
Important q: Is it phlegmy
or dry?
BY
CASSIE SHORTSLEEVE

No matter why it's
happening, a cough is always annoying
—it's
loud, it's uncomfortable, and it never fails
to garner unwanted
attention.
But
what's
really behind that cough? Can allergies
cause coughing — or do you just have an
annoying cold?
Well, turns out, there are
some pretty distinct differences between
allergy coughs and cold coughs...

Just
curious: Why do we cough, anyway?

"The
purpose of a cough is to help us," says
Monica Lee, MD, an otolaryngologist at
Massachusetts Eye and Ear. It’s your body’s
way of trying to expel something it
perceives as a threat in the airway, she
says.
Those
perceived threats can be a bunch
of different things: a piece of food stuck
in your throat, pollen, air pollution, or
swelling or drainage from extra mucus in
your throat. All those things irritate the
sensory fibers in your airway, which then
stimulate a cough.
As for what exactly
happens in your body during a cough? It's
kind of complex, says Dr. Lee. Basically,
your vocal chords close briefly
to generate
pressure in the lungs. Once enough pressure
is built up, your vocal chords open back up,
and air flows quickly through your voice
box, which generates that coughing sound.
Kinda cool, huh?
7So...can allergies cause
coughing? Give it to me straight.

In short,
yes. Usually, allergies create dry coughs
(it’s a direct reaction to something you’re
sensitive or allergic to in the airways). If
that's the case, you’ll likely have other
symptoms (think: itchy , watery
eyes; a runny
nose; an itchy throat; and sneezing, says
Dr. Lee). Headaches and wheezing
often come
with allergies, too, according to the
American College of Allergy, Asthma, and
Immunology.

Remind Me: When Is
Allergy
Season?
Timing's also a factor. If
you're
allergic to pollen (or your BFF's new
adorable kitten), for example, you’ll likely
notice symptoms (including your cough)
almost immediately, or within an hour of
being exposed. And those symptoms could last
for hours after you've been exposed — even
after the allergen isn't nearby anymore.

Coughs related to
allergies are also
dependent on patterns, so doctors always try
to look at the big picture. Say you get a
cough every single March. That could be a
sign you're actually suffering from
allergies, instead of the common cold. "You
need to look at everything that's going on,"
says Paul Bryson, MD, an otolaryngologist at
the Cleveland Clinic.
Your best defense for
a cough from allergies? Antihistamines like
Allegra, Claritin, and Zyrtec, which are all
available over-the-counter. Other options
include steroid nasal sprays and
immunotherapy shots, which can work to
regulate your body's response to allergens,
instead of just relieving the
symptoms.
How
do I know my cough is from a cold?

You know
how allergy coughs are typically on the
drier side? Coughs from colds (or the flu)
tend to be on the wetter side (that
"wetness" is actually mucus your body which
is trying to move out of your body, says Dr.
Lee).
Coughs
that come along with a cold
usually come along with stuffiness, along
with postnasal drip (a.k.a., mucus running
down the back of your throat), which can
cause a sore throat or chest discomfort. A
low-grade fever may also signal a cold
instead of allergies.
Colds aren't as
immediate as allergies. Instead, they tend
to develop over the course of a few days,
says Dr. Bryson.
You can try a few different
things to help relieve a cough.
Decongestants can work for, well,
congestion. And ingredients like
dextromethorphan (found in many multi-
symptom products like Vicks NyQuil Cold
&
Flu Nighttime Relief) can help ease the
coughing itself. Just make sure you take any
products as-directed.
It should be said,
however, that a dry cough isn't
always
allergies, just like a wet cough isn't
always a cold. Allergies can plague
your
nose, for example, causing post-nasal drip
(a wet cough), while mild colds might not
leave you stuffed up enough to produce any
phlegm.

Do I ever need to
worry about a
cough?
Something important to
remember: A
cough — no matter its cause — shouldn’t be
your norm.
Colds
usually run their course
within a couple of weeks, which means a
cough associated with a cold should go away
in about three weeks time (though some can
linger on for as long as eight weeks),
according to the U.S. National Library of
Medicine. The length of an allergy-related
cough will vary depending on how (if) you're
treating it.
But
if you notice you’re still
barking after two months of symptoms, see
your doc. You could either be dealing with
an allergy you’re not aware of (this is
where an allergy test could come into play)
or potentially suffering from another issue
such as asthma (especially if you notice
shortness of breath with any of your
symptoms), reflux, pneumonia, or bronchitis,
says Dr. Bryson.
And if something (allergies
or a pesky cold) is bothering you enough to
disrupt your life, don't put off getting it
checked out. If nothing else, seeing a doc
will give you peace of mind and maybe even
speed up your recovery time.

SOURCE:https://www.womenshea
lthmag.com/health/a26289646/coughing-from-
allergies-or-
cold/. Access: 02/12/2019.

Match the columns according to the meanings for the words in the article and mark the option which contains the correct sequence:

I. Garner
II. Briefly
III. Wheezing
IV. Itchy

( ) noun – whistling sound produced by difficulty to breathe
( ) adjective – irritating cutaneous sensation
( ) adverb – lasting for a short time
( ) verb – to call; to gather

A III – IV – II – I.
B II – IV – I – III.
C IV – III – II – I.
D I – II – III – IV.
Texto associado
TEXT V – Questions 40 to 49.

I happily advertise the fact I breastfed – it’s

high time that brands embraced it too

by Nell Frizzell

New ads by Aldi, Adidas and Sainsbury’s all
feature breastfeeding mothers. Hopefully this will
normalize the process to help new parents feed
with ease

It may be some time yet until we see a mother
in an advert precariously balancing her
child/bag/shopping/pets before pushing a nipple
into the mouth of a howling, jam-smeared toddler.
But when they do, oh boy, are my days as a model
really going to get going.

In recent weeks, a series of adverts have
appeared from Tu at Sainsbury’s, Adidas and Aldi,
all featuring breastfeeding mothers. Some are
wearing flowery blouses and have tattoos, others
are holding a naked baby between the zips of a
sports top. Of course the women are good-looking,
of course they are slim, of course we cannot
actually see anything as erotically charged or as
morally unsettling as an areola – this is still
advertising, after all. But it is, surely, a start.

As someone who breastfed her son for 21 shirtlifting,
bra-soaking, carefree months, I am of
course pleased to see breastfeeding being held up
as something both everyday and aspirational. It is
as prosaic as a trip to the supermarket yet as
physically impressive as professional sport. It
belongs on billboards and screens as much as
beds and sofas.

There is no such thing as “normal” when it
comes to babies or bodies. But to normalize
something that, in the words of UNICEF, has a
profoundly positive impact on child health, is of
course to be celebrated. You might find yourself
whipping out a boob on a train full of football fans;
you might squirt milk across somebody else’s coat
on the bus; you might find yourself answering the
door with your full breast outside your clothes
without noticing. And if the presence of big brands
behind your bra straps encourage you to keep
feeding, then all power to your elbow. It is a shame
that this hasn’t happened sooner, but it’s better late
than never – and there’s no use crying over spilled
(breast) milk.

(Source:
https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/shortcuts/2019/oct/02/adve
rts-breastfeeding-mothers-aldi-adidas-sainsburys.Access:
08/01/2020)

The text also talks about normalizing
breastfeeding, that is, women who
breastfeed would feel comfortable and
not ashamed of doing so in public places.
As a result of such normalization, women
might find themselves in the following
situations, EXCEPT:

A Whipping out a boob on a train full of football
fans.
B Squirting milk across somebody else’s coat
on the bus.
C Wearing a flowery blouse while holding a
naked baby.
D Answering the door with your full breast
outside your clothes without noticing.
E Seeing breastfeeding being held up as
something both everyday and aspirational.