Questões para Concursos

Atenção: Para responder às questões de números 26 e 27, considere o texto abaixo.

Legislative Management and Information System

In May 2001, the Sangguniang Panlalawigan (SP − Provincial Council in English) under the leadership of Vice-Governor Loreto Leo S. Ocampos embarked on the computerization of its legislative function through the acquisition of the “Legislative Management and Tracking System”. The “Legislative Management and Tracking System” or “Legtrack” as it is commonly called, is a software program developed as a tool to track, monitor and store communications, requests, proposed resolutions and ordinances, communications, Sangguniang Bayan Resolutions and ordinances from different municipalities and cities to be acted upon.
The Provincial Government only spent sixty-six thousand pesos (P 66,000.00) for the cost of installation, airfare and accommodation of two Philippine Business for Social Progress (PBSP) consultants and the training of five SP personnel on its operation and application. Now, over a million worth of software program was given to the Sangguniang Panlalawigan for free.
The SP’s “Legtrack” can be considered as one of the most updated versions of the Tracking System used by different Local Government Units in the country. It also holds the distinction of being the first “Legtrack” to be synced to a Paperless Legislation Program.
The actual performance of the Sangguniang Panlalawigan and its individual members can also be gauged through statistics on session attendance; committee meeting attendance; committee reports made, number of resolutions and ordinances authored, sponsored and passed.
Furthermore, the System upgrade(s) enhances not only the intellectual capability of the Secretariat but also its technical competence in support to the Sanggunian’s Office vows to be responsive, active and sensitive to the needs of the people. It has undergone a total of seven upgrades over the years.

(Adapted from http://sp.misocc.gov.ph/legislative-management-and-information-system)

Atenção : Para responder às questões de números 28 a 30, considere o texto abaixo.

Reno, Nevada, Improves Efficiency while Complying with Stringent Open Meeting Law Requirements ADAMANT ABOUT TRANSPARENCY

The Reno City Council meets regularly to set priorities, approve the budget and address issues facing the community. These meetings are guided by incredibly stringent open meeting law requirements. Staff must post the agenda, along with all supporting materials, on their website at least three days prior to a meeting. Additionally, if any documents are presented during a Council meeting to help make a decision, it must be uploaded within 24 hours after the meeting.
As a Senior Management Analyst, Jaime Schroeder has been responsible for all staff reports, supporting materials and the agendas for the Reno City Council and the Reno Redevelopment Agency Board since early 2012. Back then, the agency was using a government shareware product. “We realized we had quickly outgrown that system,” recalls Jaime.
The City’s communications and technology departments conducted a thorough search of alternatives and narrowed the list down to three contenders. “We looked at Accela Legislative Management and realized it was the full package,” says Jaime. “It was something we felt we could implement and get comfortable with quickly.”

HOW ACCELA EMPOWERS RENO

One of the things Jaime appreciates about Accela is that “they believe in their product so much, you don’t have to sign on for a year. With Accela, we didn’t feel they were trying to get the most money they could from the agency. We felt they truly were a company that wanted to work with us and were understanding of all the different requirements we had.”
City Council meetings are on average four to six hours long. In the past, citizens had to fast forward and rewind through an entire meeting online in order to find what they were looking for. “The great thing about this product and why we chose it is that the video of each meeting is integrated with the meeting documents and it also has time-stamp features, making it easy for staff and citizens to quickly find what they’re interested in. I love that transparency.”

THE BOTTOM LINE

Once a document is posted online, staff and citizens alike can access it through a meeting portal 24/7. When citizens request a Council or staff report, employees can simply direct them to the portal, where they can click on the meeting date, see the agenda and then click on the item that interests them. When the media requests information, the Communications department can send links to staff reports online, saving time, paper and money and helping to ensure accurate media coverage.
In the future, the City of Reno is looking forward to using the electronic voting feature available within Accela Digital Boardroom that shows meeting participants’ votes on a screen during the meeting in real time.

(Adapted from https://www.accela.com/company/customers/sucess-stories/reno)

Atenção: Considere o texto abaixo para responder às questões de números 44 a 46.

Why I Became an English Teacher

More than one person has told me that becoming an English teacher was a bad career choice. There are too many English teachers
looking for work today, they explained. However, my decision to become an English teacher was not based on the job market, but on
where I think I best fit in the grand scheme of things. If language is at the heart of everything we do, then I want to be in the middle of
the action, helping others learn to use language well.

That brings me to a series of current events in which language has played an extremely important part: The Presidential campaign of
2012. It is at times like these, when we are bombarded with information, that we need our language skills to be first class. We not only
need to understand what the candidates are saying, but we need to evaluate each statement’s veracity. We need to analyze and
evaluate the information using strategic and extended thinking; this leads to creating a point of view on a topic. My goal as a teacher is
to ensure my students have the skills they’ll need to make informed and logical decisions that benefit themselves and their community .

(Adapted from: https://www.teachthought.com )

Atenção : Para responder às questões de números 28 a 30, considere o texto abaixo.
..
Reno, Nevada, Improves Efficiency while Complying with Stringent Open Meeting Law Requirements ADAMANT ABOUT TRANSPARENCY
..
The Reno City Council meets regularly to set priorities, approve the budget and address issues facing the community. These meetings are guided by incredibly stringent open meeting law requirements. Staff must post the agenda, along with all supporting materials, on their website at least three days prior to a meeting. Additionally, if any documents are presented during a Council meeting to help make a decision, it must be uploaded within 24 hours after the meeting.
..
As a Senior Management Analyst, Jaime Schroeder has been responsible for all staff reports, supporting materials and the agendas for the Reno City Council and the Reno Redevelopment Agency Board since early 2012. Back then, the agency was using a government shareware product. “We realized we had quickly outgrown that system,” recalls Jaime.
..
The City’s communications and technology departments conducted a thorough search of alternatives and narrowed the list down to three contenders. “We looked at Accela Legislative Management and realized it was the full package,” says Jaime. “It was something we felt we could implement and get comfortable with quickly.”
..
HOW ACCELA EMPOWERS RENO
..
One of the things Jaime appreciates about Accela is that “they believe in their product so much, you don’t have to sign on for a year. With Accela, we didn’t feel they were trying to get the most money they could from the agency. We felt they truly were a company that wanted to work with us and were understanding of all the different requirements we had.”
..
City Council meetings are on average four to six hours long. In the past, citizens had to fast forward and rewind through an entire meeting online in order to find what they were looking for. “The great thing about this product and why we chose it is that the video of each meeting is integrated with the meeting documents and it also has time-stamp features, making it easy for staff and citizens to quickly find what they’re interested in. I love that transparency.”
..
THE BOTTOM LINE
..
Once a document is posted online, staff and citizens alike can access it through a meeting portal 24/7. When citizens request a Council or staff report, employees can simply direct them to the portal, where they can click on the meeting date, see the agenda and then click on the item that interests them. When the media requests information, the Communications department can send links to staff reports online, saving time, paper and money and helping to ensure accurate media coverage.

In the future, the City of Reno is looking forward to using the electronic voting feature available within Accela Digital Boardroom that shows meeting participants’ votes on a screen during the meeting in real time.
..
(Adapted from https://www.accela.com/company/customers/sucess-stories/reno )

Instrução : Responda às questões de números 29 e 30 abaixo SOMENTE se sua opção, na inscrição, foi por LÍNGUA ESTRANGEIRA: INGLÊS.

Atenção : Considere a figura e o texto a seguir, para responder às questões de números 29 e 30.

Keep Families Together Act

This bill prohibits an agent or contractor of the Department of Homeland Security, the Department of Justice, or the Department of Health and Human Services from removing a child who is under the age of 18 and has no permanent immigration status from his or her parent or legal guardian at or near the port of entry or within 100 miles of the U.S. border unless:

• an authorized state court determines that it is in the child's best interests to be removed;
• a state or county child welfare official with expertise in child trauma and development determines that it is in the child's best interests to be removed because of abuse or neglect; or
• the Chief Patrol Agent or the Area Port Director authorizes separation based on a documented finding that the child is a trafficking victim or is at significant risk of becoming a victim, a strong likelihood exists that the adult is not the parent or legal guardian, or the child is in danger of abuse or neglect.

An agency may not remove a child from a parent or legal guardian solely for the policy goals of deterring migration to the United States or of promoting immigration law compliance.

The bill sets forth presumptions: (1) in favor of family and sibling unity and parental rights, and (2) that detention is not in the best interests of families and children.

The Government Accountability Office shall conduct a study of the prosecution of asylum seekers.

(Adapted from: https://www.congress.gov/bill/115th-congress/senate-bill/3036)

Atenção: Para responder às questões de números 99 e 100, considere o texto abaixo.

A Catastrophe a Good Audit Trail Can Help You Avoid
PUBLISHED ON FRIDAY, AUGUST 15, 2014 BY ADAM BLUEMNER

Ladies and gentlemen, reintroducing your old, but underappreciated friend: the humble accounting audit trail.
Of course, the idea behind the audit trail is simple, really. When you make an entry or change to your accounting records, your accounting software automatically logs the details for future reference. Who did what, when, how, and for how much? It’s the job of the audit trail to make sure that story is always accessible.
As straightforward as the audit trail is, maintaining and monitoring it properly can keep your business out of some complicated messes, including fraud.
The Association of Certified Fraud Examiners estimates that 5% of organizational revenues are lost to fraud. That’s more than $3.5 trillion annually defrauded on a global basis. Brought down to the level of the individual organization, the average occupational fraud case amounts to $140,000 of lost revenue.
The audit trail is the fundamental business tool for both identifying and preventing fraud.
Fraud, of course, doesn’t just happen magically. It takes an accumulation of actions that will leave footprints. For instance, a common scheme involves entering a record into the AP ledger, printing a blank check, and then assigning a phony payee after the fraudster has made payment to themselves or someone else in on the scheme. This sort of fraud is relatively easy to detect − if there is an active audit trail being maintained and monitored.
The audit trail doesn’t just provide a mechanism for fraud detection, I . The presence of a carefully maintained and frequently monitored audit trail also acts as a powerful deterrant, in precisely the same way as a video monitor, alarm system, or any other visible security measure.
(Adapted from: https://softwareconnect.com/accounting/4-catastrophes-a-good-audit-trail-can-help-avoid/)

Text I
A world in transformation:
World Energy Outlook 2017
The resurgence in oil and gas production from the
United States, deep declines in the cost of renewables
and growing electrification are changing the face of
the global energy system and upending traditional
5 ways of meeting energy demand, according to the
World Energy Outlook 2017. A cleaner and more
diversified energy mix in China is another major driver
of this transformation.
Over the next 25 years, the world’s growing
10 energy needs are met first by renewables and natural
gas, as fast-declining costs turn solar power into the
cheapest source of new electricity generation. Global
energy demand is 30% higher by 2040 — but still
half as much as it would have been without efficiency
15 improvements. The boom years for coal are over — in
the absence of large-scale carbon capture, utilization
and storage (CCUS) — and rising oil demand slows
down but is not reversed before 2040 even as
electric-car sales rise steeply.
20 __ WEO-2017, the International Energy Agency
(IEA)’s flagship publication, finds that over the next
two decades the global energy system is being
reshaped by four major forces: the United States
is set to become the undisputed global oil and gas
25 leader; renewables are being deployed rapidly thanks
to falling costs; the share of electricity in the energy
mix is growing; and China’s new economic strategy
takes it on a cleaner growth mode, with implications
for global energy markets.
30 __ Solar PV is set to lead capacity additions, pushed
by deployment in China and India, meanwhile in the
European Union, wind becomes the leading source of
electricity soon after 2030.
“Solar is forging ahead in global power markets
35 as it becomes the cheapest source of electricity
generation in many places, including China and
India,” said Dr Fatih Birol, the IEA’s executive director.
“Electric vehicles (EVs) are in the fast lane as a result
of government support and declining battery costs but
40 it is far too early to write the obituary of oil, as growth
for trucks, petrochemicals, shipping and aviation
keep pushing demand higher. The US becomes
the undisputed leader for oil and gas production for
decades, which represents a major upheaval for
45 international market dynamics.”
These themes — as well as the future role of
oil and gas in the energy mix, how clean-energy
technologies are deploying, and the need for more
investment in CCUS — were among the key topics
50 discussed by the world’s energy leaders at the IEA’s
2017 Ministerial Meeting in Paris last week.
This year, WEO-2017 includes a special focus on
China, where economic and energy policy changes
underway will have a profound impact on the
55 country’s energy mix, and continue to shape global
trends. A new phase in the country’s development
results in an economy that is less reliant on heavy
industry and coal.
At the same time, a strong emphasis on cleaner
60 energy technologies, in large part to address poor air
quality, is catapulting China to a position as a world
leader in wind, solar, nuclear and electric vehicles and
the source of more than a quarter of projected growth
in natural gas consumption. As demand growth in
65 China slows, other countries continue to push overall
global demand higher – with India accounting for
almost one-third of global growth to 2040.
The shale oil and gas revolution in the United
States continues thanks to the remarkable ability of
70 producers to unlock new resources in a cost-effective
way. By the mid-2020s, the United States is projected
to become the world’s largest LNG exporter and a net
oil exporter by the end of that decade.
This is having a major impact on oil and gas
75 markets, challenging incumbent suppliers and
provoking a major reorientation of global trade flows,
with consumers in Asia accounting for more than
70% of global oil and gas imports by 2040. LNG
from the United States is also accelerating a major
80 structural shift towards a more flexible and globalized
gas market.
WEO-2017 finds it is too early to write the
obituary of oil. Global oil demand continues to grow to
2040, although at a steadily decreasing pace – while
85 fuel efficiency and rising electrification bring a peak in
oil used for passenger cars, even with a doubling of
the car fleet to two billion. But other sectors – namely
petrochemicals, trucks, aviation, and shipping – drive
up oil demand to 105 million barrels a day by 2040.
90 __ While carbon emissions have flattened in recent
years, the report finds that global energy-related CO2
emissions increase slightly by 2040, but at a slower
pace than in last year’s projections. Still, this is far from
enough to avoid severe impacts of climate change.
Available at: < https://www.iea.org/newsroom/news/2017/november/a-world-in-transformation-world-energy-outlook-2017.html >. Retrieved on: 14 Nov. 2017. Adapted. _

The key energy questions for 2018
..
The renewables industry has had a great year.
How fast can it grow now?
...
What are the issues that will shape the global
energy market in 2018? What will be the energy
mix, trade patterns and price trends? Every country
is different and local factors, including politics, are
5 important. But at the global level there are four key
questions, and each of which answers is highly
uncertain.
The first question is whether Saudi Arabia is
stable. The kingdom’s oil exports now mostly go to
10 Asia but the volumes involved mean that any volatility
will destabilise a market where speculation is rife.
The risk is that an open conflict, which Iran and
Saudi have traditionally avoided despite all their
differences, would spread and hit oil production and
15 trade. It is worth remembering that the Gulf states
account for a quarter of global production and over
40 per cent of all the oil traded globally. The threat to
stability is all the greater given that Iran is likely to win
any such clash and to treat the result as a licence to
20 reassert its influence in the region.
The second question is how rapidly production
of oil from shale rock will grow in the US — 2017 has
seen an increase of 600,000 barrels a day to over 6m.
The increase in global prices over the past six months
25 has made output from almost all America’s producing
areas commercially viable and drilling activity is rising.
A comparable increase in 2018 would offset most of
the current OPEC production cuts and either force
another quota reduction or push prices down.
30 ---- The third question concerns China. For the
last three years the country has managed to deliver
economic growth with only minimal increases in
energy consumption. Growth was probably lower than
the claimed numbers — the Chinese do not like to
35 admit that they, too, are subject to economic cycles
and recessions — but even so the achievement
is considerable. The question is whether the trend
can be continued. If it can, the result will limit global
demand growth for oil, gas and coal.
40 - --- China, which accounts for a quarter of the world’s
daily energy use, is the swing consumer. If energy
efficiency gains continue, CO2 emissions will remain
flat or even fall. The country’s economy is changing
and moving away from heavy industry fuelled largely
45 by coal to a more service-based one, with a more
varied fuel mix. But the pace of that shift is uncertain
and some recent data suggests that as economic
growth has picked up, so has consumption of oil and
coal. Beijing has high ambitions for a much cleaner
50 energy economy, driven not least by the levels of air
pollution in many of the major cities; 2018 will show
how much progress they are making.
The fourth question is, if anything, the most
important. How fast can renewables grow? The last
55 few years have seen dramatic reductions in costs
and strong increase in supply. The industry has had
a great year, with bids from offshore wind for capacity
auctions in the UK and elsewhere at record low levels.
Wind is approaching grid parity — the moment
60 when it can compete without subsidies. Solar is also
thriving: according to the International Energy Agency,
costs have fallen by 70 per cent since 2010 not least
because of advances in China, which now accounts
for 60 per cent of total solar cell manufacturing
65 capacity. The question is how rapidly all those gains
can be translated into electric supply.
Renewables, including hydro, accounted for just
5 per cent of global daily energy supply according
to the IEA’s latest data. That is increasing — solar
70 photovoltaic capacity grew by 50 per cent in 2016
— but to make a real difference the industry needs
a period of expansion comparable in scale to the
growth of personal computing and mobile phones in
the 1990s and 2000s.
75 - --- The problem is that the industry remains
fragmented. Most renewable companies are small
and local, and in many cases undercapitalised; some
are built to collect subsidies. A radical change will be
necessary to make the industry global and capable
80 of competing on the scale necessary to displace
coal and natural gas. The coming year will show us
whether it is ready for that challenge.
In many ways, the energy business is at a
moment of change and transition. Every reader will
85 have their own view on each of the four questions. To
me, the prospect is of supply continuing to outpace
demand. If that is right, the surge in oil prices over
the past two months is a temporary and unsustainable
phenomenon. It would take another Middle East war
90 to change the equation. Unfortunately, that is all too
possible.
...
Available at: . Retrieved on: Feb 18, 2018. Adapted.

Text I

Clean energy: Experts outline how governments
can successfully invest before it’s too late

asd Governments need to give technical experts
more autonomy and hold their nerve to provide more
long-term stability when investing in clean energy,
argue researchers in climate change and innovation
5 i policy in a new paper published today.
asd Writing in the journal Nature , the authors from
UK and US institutions have set out guidelines for
investment based on an analysis of the last twenty
years of “what works” in clean energy research and
10 i innovation programs.
asd Their six simple “guiding principles” also include
the need to channel innovation into the private sector
through formal tech transfer programs, and to think in
terms of lasting knowledge creation rather than ‘quick
15 i win’ potential when funding new projects.
asd The authors offer a stark warning to governments
and policymakers: learn from and build on experience
before time runs out, rather than constantly reinventing
aims and processes for the sake of political vanity.
20 asd “As the window of opportunity to avert dangerous
climate change narrows, we urgently need to take
stock of policy initiatives around the world that aim
to accelerate new energy technologies and stem
greenhouse gas emissions,” said Laura Diaz Anadon,
25 i Professor of Climate Change Policy at the University
of Cambridge.
asd “If we don’t build on the lessons from previous
policy successes and failures to understand what
works and why, we risk wasting time and money in
30 i a way that we simply can’t afford,” said Anadon, who
authored the new paper with colleagues from the
Harvard Kennedy School as well as the University of
Minnesota’s Prof Gabriel Chan.
asd Public investments in energy research have risen
35 i since the lows of the mid-1990s and early 2000s.
OECD members spent US$16.6 billion on new energy
research and development (R&D) in 2016 compared
to $10b in 2010. The EU and other nations pledged
to double clean energy investment as part of 2015’s
40 i Paris Climate Change Agreement.
asd Recently, the UK government set out its own
Clean Growth Strategy, committing £2.5 billion
between 2015 and 2021, with hundreds of million
to be invested in new generations of small nuclear
45 i power stations and offshore wind turbines.
asd However, Anadon and colleagues point out that
government funding for energy innovation has, in
many cases, been highly volatile in the recent past:
with political shifts resulting in huge budget fluctuations
50 i and process reinventions in the UK and US.
asd For example, the research team found that every
single year between 1990 and 2017, one in five
technology areas funded by the US Department of
Energy (DoE) saw a budget shift of more than 30%
55 i up or down. The Trump administration’s current plan
is to slash 2018’s energy R&D budget by 35% across
the board.
asd “Experimentation has benefits, but also costs,”
said Anadon. “Researchers are having to relearn
60 i new processes, people and programmes with every
political transition -- wasting time and effort for
scientists, companies and policymakers.”
asd “Rather than repeated overhauls, existing
programs should be continuously evaluated and
65 i updated. New programs should only be set up if they
fill needs not currently met.”
asd More autonomy for project selection should be
passed to active scientists, who are “best placed to
spot bold but risky opportunities that managers miss,"
70 i say the authors of the new paper.
asd They point to projects instigated by the US
National Labs producing more commercially-viable
technologies than those dictated by DoE headquarters
— despite the Labs holding a mere 4% of the DoE’s
75 i overall budget.
asd The six evidence-based guiding principles for
clean energy investment are:
asdasd • Give researchers and technical experts more
autonomy and influence over funding decisions.
80 asdd • Build technology transfer into research organisations
asasdd • Focus demonstration projects on learning.
asdasd • Incentivise international collaboration.
asdasd • Adopt an adaptive learning strategy.
85 aasd • Keep funding stable and predictable.
asd From US researchers using the pace of Chinese
construction markets to test energy reduction
technologies, to the UK government harnessing
behavioural psychology to promote energy efficiency,
90 i the authors highlight examples of government
investment that helped create or improve clean
energy initiatives across the world.
asd “Let’s learn from experience on how to accelerate
the transition to a cleaner, safer and more affordable
95 i energy system,” they write.

Available at: releases/2017/12/171206132223.htm>.
Retrieved on: 28 Dec 2017. Adapted.