Questões para Concursos

Considere uma economia descrita pelo seguinte sistema de equações, em tempo contínuo.

Função de produção agregada

Y = F ( K , N )
F K ​ > 0 , F N ​ > 0 , F K N ​ > 0 , F N N ​ < 0 , F K K ​ < 0 , em que F i ​ é a primeira derivada da função de produção com relação ao insumo i , e F i i ​ é a segunda derivada da função de produção com relação ao insumo i

Demanda de trabalho em termos reais

P w ​ = F N ​

Função Investimento

I = I ( q ( K , N , r − π ) − 1 )
I ′ < 0 , em que I ′ é a derivada do investimento em relação à taxa de juros

Função Consumo

C = C ( Y − T )
0 < C ′ < 1 , em que C ′ é a derivada do consumo em relação à renda disponível

Equilíbrio no mercado de bens

Y = C + I + G + δ K ( 5 )

Equilíbrio Monetário

P M ​ = m ( Y , r ) (6), em que ܻ Y é o produto, ܰ N o emprego, K o estoque de capital, w o salário nominal, ܲ P o nível geral de preços, I o investimento, q o Q de Tobin, r a taxa nominal de juros, π a taxa de inflação, C o consumo, ܶ T os tributos autônomos, G os gastos autônomos do governo, ݉ m ( Y , r ) a demanda real por moeda e M o estoque nominal de moeda, δ K a taxa de depreciação do estoque de capital.

Considere, ainda, um regime em que

● o governo (via Banco Central) controla exogenamente a quantidade de moeda M ;

● o estoque de capital é constante no tempo.

A respeito dessa economia, julgue os itens que se seguem.

Tendo em vista as transformações contemporâneas no multilateralismo e nas Nações Unidas, julgue os itens que se seguem.

Considerando a relevância da política externa dos EUA para o sistema internacional contemporâneo, julgue os próximos itens.

Qatar has made itself into the diplomatic capital of the world. Dotted across Doha are the many palaces and offices that have hosted, over recent years, negotiations about the many intractable diplomatic issues that have taken place the world over.
The power Qatar has come to wield has taken many observers by surprise. As a traditional Muslim monarchy in the Middle East, Qatar is a new kind of location for the sort of high-stakes geopolitical deal-making transacted until recently in Geneva and Oslo. Yet since October, the nation’s massive investment in becoming the world’s go-between has come into its own. Having long cultivated close relations with both the US and Hamas, Qatar became the locus of ceasefire negotiations in major local conflicts, as well as discussions over aid and evacuating the wounded. Its mediation has grown from a strategy to enhance its own safety into a role that underpins the entire world’s security.

Nesrine Malik. The go-between: how Qatar became the global capital of diplomacy. In: The Guardian. Internet: (adapted).

About the preceding text, judge the following items.

In recent years, awareness has grown of the scope and scale of violence and discrimination directed at lesbian, gay, bi, trans (LGBT) and intersex people around the world ⸺ including killings, torture, arbitrary detention and widespread discrimination in access to health care, education, employment and housing.
United Nations, regional and national human rights bodies have identified critical gaps in the implementation of international standards to address these and related violations, and have issued a plethora of recommendations, including, among them, the repeal of discriminatory legislation and measures to protect LGBT and intersex people from discrimination, violence, torture and ill treatment, and safeguard rights to freedom of expression, association and peaceful assembly.
Increasingly, governments are taking action ⸺ whether in the form of legislation and policy measures or through targeted social and education programmes. At the United Nations Human Rights Council, more than one hundred countries from all regions around the world have voluntarily committed to take measures to end violence and discrimination linked to sexual orientation and gender identity, based on recommendations generated during the first two cycles of the Universal Periodic Review.
However, serious challenges remain. While many countries have taken encouraging steps, in most cases, these efforts have fallen short of the concerted strategy required to tackle violence and discrimination against LGBT and intersex people. Even in countries that have arguably recorded the most progress in respect of the rights of gay men and lesbians, there has been far less attention given to protecting the rights of trans people and only incipient attention to the rights of intersex people.

United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR). Living Free and Equal: What States are doing to tackle violence and discrimination against lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex people. (2016). Internet: (adapted).

Considering the ideas and linguistic aspects of the previous text, judge the following items.

Culture is ordinary. Every human society has its own shape, its own purposes, its own meanings. Every human society expresses these, in institutions, and in arts and learning. The making of a society is the finding of common meanings and directions, and its growth is an active debate and amendment under the pressures of experience, contact, and discovery, writing themselves into the land. The growing society is there, yet it is also made and remade in every individual mind.
The making of a mind is, first, the slow learning of shapes, purposes, and meanings, so that work, observation and communication are possible. Then, second, but equal in importance, is the testing of these in experience, the making of new observations, comparisons, and meanings.
A culture has two aspects: the known meanings and directions, which its members are trained to; the new observations and meanings, which are offered and tested. These are the ordinary processes of human societies and human minds, and we see through them the nature of a culture: that it is always both traditional and creative; that it is both the most ordinary common meanings and the finest individual meanings.
We use the word culture in these two senses: to mean a whole way of life ⸺ the common meanings; to mean the arts and learning ⸺ the special processes of discovery and creative effort. Some writers reserve the word for one or other of these senses; I insist on both, and on the significance of their conjunction. The questions I ask about our culture are questions about our general and common purposes, yet also questions about deep personal meanings.
Culture is ordinary, in every society and in every mind.

Raymond Williams. Culture is Ordinary. In: R. Williams. Resources of Hope: Culture, Democracy, Socialism. London: Verso, 1989. p. 3-14 (adapted).

Based on the grammatical and semantic aspects of the preceding text, judge the items that follow.

Cyber issues have become increasingly central in international affairs and the breadth of issues discussed under this rubric has grown, including questions of peace and conflict, the fight against cybercrime and controversies around internet governance. In this context, three issue characteristics have affected the practice of cyber diplomacy.
First, cybersecurity retains a strong technical undercurrent that not only poses a challenge to conventional diplomatic skills but also introduces a distinct temporal quality. Reflecting broader trends in digital connectivity, cybersecurity evolves at the speed of technology, contributing to the transient nature of diplomatic practices, the limits of which are "constantly being renegotiated". These conceptual ambiguities have imbued cyber governance with a distinct political dynamic, offering ample opportunity for varied policy solutions to find "rhetorical shelter".
Second, perceptions of the stakes involved are equally evolving, with initial concerns about cyber war and cyberterrorism being supplemented with a focus on attacks below the level of armed attack. Relatedly, dichotomies across cybercrime and international security are blurring as cybercriminals are enlisted in state-sponsored campaigns.
Third, cyber issues exhibit a cross-cutting nature that breaches institutional and epistemic boundaries, calling into action a swath of actors across the public-private divide and requiring coordination across knowledge domains, including technical, legal and policy knowledge.

Johann Ole Willers, Lars Gjesvik. Cybersecurity as an issue of international affairs. In: Diplomacy in the age of expertise: the case of cyber diplomacy. International Affairs, Oxford University Press, fev./2026. Internet: (adapted).

Based on the ideas presented in the preceding text, as well as on its linguistic aspects, judge the following items.

Ainda acerca de política e gestão ambiental no Brasil, julgue os itens que se seguem.

No que se refere à geografia da população no Brasil e no mundo, julgue os itens subsequentes.

No que se refere à geografia da população no Brasil e no mundo, julgue os itens subsequentes.