The security risks faced by Parliaments, legislatures, elected representatives, and the officials who support them, differ greatly according to their evolving national and local circumstances, among other things. For some, the biggest security risks may stem from disruptive protesters and cyber criminals, but terrorism may pose the most concerning risks for others. In fact, threat actors differ enormously in their intentions and capabilities, which also change over time.
Given that risk is a product of threat, vulnerability, and impact, it follows that ultimately there are only three ways to reduce security risk — namely, by reducing the threat, reducing the vulnerability, or reducing the impact (or some combination thereof). Reducing the threat element of security risk is difficult, especially in the case of determined and capable threat actors. Responsibility for reducing threats tends to lie mainly with national law enforcement, security, and intelligence agencies. That said, parliaments and other organisations can contribute to threat reduction through deterrence — in other words, by influencing the intentions of threat actors. Carefully crafted security-minded communications can convey a discouraging message to potential attackers, to the effect that they should expect to confront professional security measures and face a substantial risk of being caught. For instance, a parliamentary website might advertise that visitors will undergo ‘airport-style screening’, without explaining precisely what that entails. The public should be reassured by such message, whereas some threat actors might be deterred.
Paul Martin. Parliamentary security: an introductory guide. Internet: (adapted). Considering the preceding text, judge the following item.
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Texto associado
The security risks faced by Parliaments, legislatures, elected representatives, and the officials who support them, differ greatly according to their evolving national and local circumstances, among other things. For some, the biggest security risks may stem from disruptive protesters and cyber criminals, but terrorism may pose the most concerning risks for others. In fact, threat actors differ enormously in their intentions and capabilities, which also change over time.
Given that risk is a product of threat, vulnerability, and impact, it follows that ultimately there are only three ways to reduce security risk — namely, by reducing the threat, reducing the vulnerability, or reducing the impact (or some combination thereof). Reducing the threat element of security risk is difficult, especially in the case of determined and capable threat actors. Responsibility for reducing threats tends to lie mainly with national law enforcement, security, and intelligence agencies. That said, parliaments and other organisations can contribute to threat reduction through deterrence — in other words, by influencing the intentions of threat actors. Carefully crafted security-minded communications can convey a discouraging message to potential attackers, to the effect that they should expect to confront professional security measures and face a substantial risk of being caught. For instance, a parliamentary website might advertise that visitors will undergo ‘airport-style screening’, without explaining precisely what that entails. The public should be reassured by such message, whereas some threat actors might be deterred.
Paul Martin. Parliamentary security: an introductory guide. Internet: (adapted). Considering the preceding text, judge the following item.
Given that risk is a product of threat, vulnerability, and impact, it follows that ultimately there are only three ways to reduce security risk — namely, by reducing the threat, reducing the vulnerability, or reducing the impact (or some combination thereof). Reducing the threat element of security risk is difficult, especially in the case of determined and capable threat actors. Responsibility for reducing threats tends to lie mainly with national law enforcement, security, and intelligence agencies. That said, parliaments and other organisations can contribute to threat reduction through deterrence — in other words, by influencing the intentions of threat actors. Carefully crafted security-minded communications can convey a discouraging message to potential attackers, to the effect that they should expect to confront professional security measures and face a substantial risk of being caught. For instance, a parliamentary website might advertise that visitors will undergo ‘airport-style screening’, without explaining precisely what that entails. The public should be reassured by such message, whereas some threat actors might be deterred.
Paul Martin. Parliamentary security: an introductory guide. Internet: (adapted). Considering the preceding text, judge the following item.
n the second paragraph, both “Given that”, in “Given that risk is a product of threat”, and “to the effect that”, in “can convey a discouraging message to potential attackers, to the effect that they should expect to confront professional security measures” can be respectively replaced with Because and because without this changing the original meaning of the text.
Texto associado
The security risks faced by Parliaments, legislatures, elected representatives, and the officials who support them, differ greatly according to their evolving national and local circumstances, among other things. For some, the biggest security risks may stem from disruptive protesters and cyber criminals, but terrorism may pose the most concerning risks for others. In fact, threat actors differ enormously in their intentions and capabilities, which also change over time.
Given that risk is a product of threat, vulnerability, and impact, it follows that ultimately there are only three ways to reduce security risk — namely, by reducing the threat, reducing the vulnerability, or reducing the impact (or some combination thereof). Reducing the threat element of security risk is difficult, especially in the case of determined and capable threat actors. Responsibility for reducing threats tends to lie mainly with national law enforcement, security, and intelligence agencies. That said, parliaments and other organisations can contribute to threat reduction through deterrence — in other words, by influencing the intentions of threat actors. Carefully crafted security-minded communications can convey a discouraging message to potential attackers, to the effect that they should expect to confront professional security measures and face a substantial risk of being caught. For instance, a parliamentary website might advertise that visitors will undergo ‘airport-style screening’, without explaining precisely what that entails. The public should be reassured by such message, whereas some threat actors might be deterred.
Paul Martin. Parliamentary security: an introductory guide. Internet: (adapted). Considering the preceding text, judge the following item.
Given that risk is a product of threat, vulnerability, and impact, it follows that ultimately there are only three ways to reduce security risk — namely, by reducing the threat, reducing the vulnerability, or reducing the impact (or some combination thereof). Reducing the threat element of security risk is difficult, especially in the case of determined and capable threat actors. Responsibility for reducing threats tends to lie mainly with national law enforcement, security, and intelligence agencies. That said, parliaments and other organisations can contribute to threat reduction through deterrence — in other words, by influencing the intentions of threat actors. Carefully crafted security-minded communications can convey a discouraging message to potential attackers, to the effect that they should expect to confront professional security measures and face a substantial risk of being caught. For instance, a parliamentary website might advertise that visitors will undergo ‘airport-style screening’, without explaining precisely what that entails. The public should be reassured by such message, whereas some threat actors might be deterred.
Paul Martin. Parliamentary security: an introductory guide. Internet: (adapted). Considering the preceding text, judge the following item.
According to the text, with “Carefully crafted securityminded communications”, potential attackers are discouraged and caught before being able to cause any harm.
Texto associado
The security risks faced by Parliaments, legislatures, elected representatives, and the officials who support them, differ greatly according to their evolving national and local circumstances, among other things. For some, the biggest security risks may stem from disruptive protesters and cyber criminals, but terrorism may pose the most concerning risks for others. In fact, threat actors differ enormously in their intentions and capabilities, which also change over time.
Given that risk is a product of threat, vulnerability, and impact, it follows that ultimately there are only three ways to reduce security risk — namely, by reducing the threat, reducing the vulnerability, or reducing the impact (or some combination thereof). Reducing the threat element of security risk is difficult, especially in the case of determined and capable threat actors. Responsibility for reducing threats tends to lie mainly with national law enforcement, security, and intelligence agencies. That said, parliaments and other organisations can contribute to threat reduction through deterrence — in other words, by influencing the intentions of threat actors. Carefully crafted security-minded communications can convey a discouraging message to potential attackers, to the effect that they should expect to confront professional security measures and face a substantial risk of being caught. For instance, a parliamentary website might advertise that visitors will undergo ‘airport-style screening’, without explaining precisely what that entails. The public should be reassured by such message, whereas some threat actors might be deterred.
Paul Martin. Parliamentary security: an introductory guide. Internet: (adapted). Considering the preceding text, judge the following item.
Given that risk is a product of threat, vulnerability, and impact, it follows that ultimately there are only three ways to reduce security risk — namely, by reducing the threat, reducing the vulnerability, or reducing the impact (or some combination thereof). Reducing the threat element of security risk is difficult, especially in the case of determined and capable threat actors. Responsibility for reducing threats tends to lie mainly with national law enforcement, security, and intelligence agencies. That said, parliaments and other organisations can contribute to threat reduction through deterrence — in other words, by influencing the intentions of threat actors. Carefully crafted security-minded communications can convey a discouraging message to potential attackers, to the effect that they should expect to confront professional security measures and face a substantial risk of being caught. For instance, a parliamentary website might advertise that visitors will undergo ‘airport-style screening’, without explaining precisely what that entails. The public should be reassured by such message, whereas some threat actors might be deterred.
Paul Martin. Parliamentary security: an introductory guide. Internet: (adapted). Considering the preceding text, judge the following item.
As mentioned at the end of the text, the message about the airport-style screening advertised in a parliamentary website could have a dual effect on people, even if they are not told its exact implications.
Texto associado
R : “Se o deputado não é favorável à matéria, então a votação do deputado é favorável se, e somente se, a legenda recomendar o voto favorável.” Julgue os itens seguintes, acerca da proposição R precedente.
A negação da proposição R pode ser expressa por “Ou a votação do deputado é favorável, ou a legenda recomendou o voto favorável e o deputado não é favorável à matéria.”.
Texto associado
R : “Se o deputado não é favorável à matéria, então a votação do deputado é favorável se, e somente se, a legenda recomendar o voto favorável.” Julgue os itens seguintes, acerca da proposição R precedente.
A proposição R terá valor lógico falso apenas nos casos em que for verdadeiro o valor lógico da proposição simples “O deputado não é favorável à matéria.”.
Texto associado
No que se refere a lógica de primeira ordem e lógica de argumentação, julgue o seguinte item.
Considere as seguintes proposições de determinado deputado: A : “Se eu não voto favorável à matéria, serei punido pela legenda.”; B : “Se sou punido pela legenda, posso decepcionar os eleitores.”; C : “Vou votar favorável à matéria.”. Com base no argumento cujas premissas sejam as proposições A, B e C, é correto concluir que os eleitores não poderão ficar decepcionados.
Texto associado
No que se refere a lógica de primeira ordem e lógica de argumentação, julgue o seguinte item.
Considere o conjunto universo dos deputados e os predicados a seguir: p(x): x é favorável à matéria. q(x): x vota favorável. Nesse caso, a frase “Existe deputado que não é favorável à matéria e sua votação não é favorável.” pode ser escrita, em representação simbólica, como ∃ x ¬(p(x) → q(x)) .
Texto associado
Uma comissão da Câmara dos Deputados está analisando a distribuição de salários de determinada categoria funcional no Brasil. Durante um primeiro estudo promovido pelos deputados, um pesquisador calculou as médias, os desvios padrões e padronizou os valores dos salários brasileiros, para uma amostra de profissionais, com o intuito de comparar o desempenho salarial entre diferentes países.
Esse pesquisador observou que, no Brasil, o salário médio dessa categoria é de R$ 6.000 com desvio padrão de R$ 800, enquanto, em outro país — P —, usado na comparação, o valor tabelado, em dólar, do salário médio dessa mesma categoria é $ 3.500 e o desvio padrão é $ 250. Com base nessa situação hipotética, julgue o item seguinte.
Esse pesquisador observou que, no Brasil, o salário médio dessa categoria é de R$ 6.000 com desvio padrão de R$ 800, enquanto, em outro país — P —, usado na comparação, o valor tabelado, em dólar, do salário médio dessa mesma categoria é $ 3.500 e o desvio padrão é $ 250. Com base nessa situação hipotética, julgue o item seguinte.
Considere que, no Brasil, o salário de um indivíduo da citada categoria funcional, com determinado tempo de experiência, seja R$ 7.600, ao passo que, no país P, o salário de uma pessoa com o mesmo tempo de experiência do indivíduo citado seja $ 3.950. Nesse caso, após a padronização, o salário do indivíduo no Brasil é estatisticamente inferior ao da pessoa no país P.
Texto associado
Uma comissão da Câmara dos Deputados está analisando a distribuição de salários de determinada categoria funcional no Brasil. Durante um primeiro estudo promovido pelos deputados, um pesquisador calculou as médias, os desvios padrões e padronizou os valores dos salários brasileiros, para uma amostra de profissionais, com o intuito de comparar o desempenho salarial entre diferentes países.
Esse pesquisador observou que, no Brasil, o salário médio dessa categoria é de R$ 6.000 com desvio padrão de R$ 800, enquanto, em outro país — P —, usado na comparação, o valor tabelado, em dólar, do salário médio dessa mesma categoria é $ 3.500 e o desvio padrão é $ 250. Com base nessa situação hipotética, julgue o item seguinte.
Esse pesquisador observou que, no Brasil, o salário médio dessa categoria é de R$ 6.000 com desvio padrão de R$ 800, enquanto, em outro país — P —, usado na comparação, o valor tabelado, em dólar, do salário médio dessa mesma categoria é $ 3.500 e o desvio padrão é $ 250. Com base nessa situação hipotética, julgue o item seguinte.
