Questões para Concursos

Text 11A1-IV

The more that you read, the more things you will know.
The more that you learn, the more places you’ll go.

Dr. Seuss. I can read with my eyes shut! New York: Random House, 1987.

Text 11A2-I

The exploration of bilingual education in Brazil reveals a landscape filled with significant challenges and promising possibilities. Inequalities between private institutions and the public sector perpetuate socioeconomic gaps and limited access to it.
Despite the increasing presence of bilingual education, many programs continue to operate under a monolingual mindset that emphasizes strict separation between languages and prioritizes linguistic accuracy over communicative practices. This perspective limits students’ opportunities to engage dynamically with multiple languages and hinders their development of linguistic mobility. To move beyond these limitations, it is crucial to foster intercultural competences. To do so, creating spaces where students can appreciate and interact with cultural and linguistic diversity becomes essential.
Central to this discussion is the concept of “funds of perezhivanie”, which integrates various theoretical and practical elements, encompassing experiences, knowledge, potentials, values, and emotions of individuals or groups accumulated throughout their lives. By recognizing these diverse experiences, educators can create a more inclusive and responsive educational environment that values the cultural and experiential diversity of students.
The concept of “interculturality” is also significant for our context. By exploring strategies for intercultural education, we conceive bilingual education as a possibility for the formation of subjects with an intercultural stance and with greater willingness and knowledge to face the inequalities imposed by our society. Crafting bilingual identities, in this sense, means forging spaces for the construction of intercultural and critical curricula. So interculturality, from the perspective we adopt, is not a theoretical position or a dialogue between cultures or philosophical traditions but a “position” or “disposition,” a “way of life”. An attitude of willingness to live “our” identity references in relation to “others” that opens the human experience toward a process of relearning and of cultural and contextual relocation, which allows us to perceive cultural illiteracies.
This leads us to the second challenge faced by public bilingual schools that can contribute to the formation of empowered and agentive global citizens: the need to move toward heteroglossic perspectives.
Heteroglossia is here understood in a broad sense, drawing on Bakhtin’s view of language as inherently plural, layered, and dynamic. According to Busch, this concept encompasses three interrelated dimensions: 1) Multidiscursivity refers to the coexistence of distinct speech types or discourses associated with particular social spheres, time periods, professions, or communities; 2) Multivoicedness highlights the presence of diverse individual voices within these discursive spaces. Every utterance is situated on the boundary between self and other and becomes meaningful only when appropriated and reaccentuated by the speaker; and 3) Linguistic diversity points to the multiplicity of languages and language varieties shaped by social differentiation.
Framing bilingual education through heteroglossic lenses challenges dominant monolingual and homogenizing ideologies. It invites schools to cultivate spaces where varied discourses, voices, and languages can coexist, interact, and contribute to the construction of knowledge.

Internet: (adapted).

Text 11A1-I

“Newspeak,” the “official language of Oceania” in the novel 1984 , comes from “new speak” and was created to supersede “Oldspeak,” or Standard English. Newspeak isn’t just buzzwords, but the deliberate replacement of one set of words in the language for another. Its transition, expected to be completed “by about the year 2050,” appears not through history or social change, but through the will of the Party. The purpose of Newspeak was not only to provide a medium of expression for the world-view and mental habits proper to the devotees of Ingsoc, but also to make all other modes of thought impossible.
Orwell discusses the “perfected” form of Newspeak, with grammatical “peculiarities,” such as “an almost complete interchangeability between different parts of speech.” Its vocabulary is divided into the A, B, and C classes. The A class contains “everyday life” words mutated with prefixes and intensifiers like “uncold,” “pluscold,” and “doublepluscold.” The B class contains doublethink coinages like “joycamp” and “Minipax,” similar to “the characteristic features of political language (…) in totalitarian countries.” The citizens of Oceania must have “an outlook” shaped by these restricted words; even sexual life was regulated by “sexcrime” and “goodsex.”
The C class “consisted entirely of scientific and technical terms,” defined rigidly and stripped of meanings. There was no vocabulary for science as a habit of mind; any meaning it could bear was “already sufficiently covered by the word Ingsoc.” This linguistic control made translating the past nearly impossible. “All mans are equal” could exist only as “a palpable untruth,” and Jefferson’s preamble could only be swallowed by the single word “crimethink.”
The phrase “alternative facts” could fit easily into the “Newspeak Dictionary,” showing how such language can sink into discourse and become Newspeak itself.

Josh Jones. George Orwell Explains How “Newspeak” Works, the Official Language of His Totalitarian Dystopia in 1984. January 25th, 2017. Internet: (adapted).

A new William Hope Hodgson blog

Welcome to Hodgsoniana, a new blog about the life and works of author William Hope Hodgson (1877- 1918). The aim of this blog is to provide a home for articles and new research on Hodgson, details of Hodgson-related happenings, and just generally act as an up-to-date (hopefully) resource that’s open to anyone interested in this remarkable literary figure. At time of writing, there is a lack of other active websites covering this subject, which is why starting a blog seemed a worthwhile endeavour. At the very least, it gives me a place to post some Hodgson-related thoughts and findings I’ve been meaning to write up! My hope is that others may be moved to contribute also.
Before going any further, I want to recognise the work of the late Hodgson scholar Sam Gafford, and in particular his excellent Hodgson blog williamhopehodgson.wordpress.com. I first stumbled upon Sam’s blog back in 2016, and his work opened my eyes to the depths and complexities of Hodgson’s history and writings. I entered into brief correspondence with Sam at that time, and his enthusiasm and encouragement were key factors in starting me on the path of pursuing my own Hodgson studies.
Sam Gafford sadly passed away in 2019, leaving his site dormant. It remains a valuable treasure trove of information, and I will certainly aspire to follow Sam’s example in exploring and documenting all matters Hodgson.
2027 will see the 150th anniversary of William Hope Hodgson’s birth. There is still much to discuss regarding his work, and many areas of his life remain obscure and in need of further investigation. I hope this site can help in encouraging and chronicling such efforts.

Source: https://hodgsoniana.wordpress.com/2025/06/22/a-newwilliam-hope-hodgson-blog/ access on 28 february 2026.

A new William Hope Hodgson blog

Welcome to Hodgsoniana, a new blog about the life and works of author William Hope Hodgson (1877- 1918). The aim of this blog is to provide a home for articles and new research on Hodgson, details of Hodgson-related happenings, and just generally act as an up-to-date (hopefully) resource that’s open to anyone interested in this remarkable literary figure. At time of writing, there is a lack of other active websites covering this subject, which is why starting a blog seemed a worthwhile endeavour. At the very least, it gives me a place to post some Hodgson-related thoughts and findings I’ve been meaning to write up! My hope is that others may be moved to contribute also.
Before going any further, I want to recognise the work of the late Hodgson scholar Sam Gafford, and in particular his excellent Hodgson blog williamhopehodgson.wordpress.com. I first stumbled upon Sam’s blog back in 2016, and his work opened my eyes to the depths and complexities of Hodgson’s history and writings. I entered into brief correspondence with Sam at that time, and his enthusiasm and encouragement were key factors in starting me on the path of pursuing my own Hodgson studies.
Sam Gafford sadly passed away in 2019, leaving his site dormant. It remains a valuable treasure trove of information, and I will certainly aspire to follow Sam’s example in exploring and documenting all matters Hodgson.
2027 will see the 150th anniversary of William Hope Hodgson’s birth. There is still much to discuss regarding his work, and many areas of his life remain obscure and in need of further investigation. I hope this site can help in encouraging and chronicling such efforts.

Source: https://hodgsoniana.wordpress.com/2025/06/22/a-newwilliam-hope-hodgson-blog/ access on 28 february 2026.

A new William Hope Hodgson blog

Welcome to Hodgsoniana, a new blog about the life and works of author William Hope Hodgson (1877- 1918). The aim of this blog is to provide a home for articles and new research on Hodgson, details of Hodgson-related happenings, and just generally act as an up-to-date (hopefully) resource that’s open to anyone interested in this remarkable literary figure. At time of writing, there is a lack of other active websites covering this subject, which is why starting a blog seemed a worthwhile endeavour. At the very least, it gives me a place to post some Hodgson-related thoughts and findings I’ve been meaning to write up! My hope is that others may be moved to contribute also.
Before going any further, I want to recognise the work of the late Hodgson scholar Sam Gafford, and in particular his excellent Hodgson blog williamhopehodgson.wordpress.com. I first stumbled upon Sam’s blog back in 2016, and his work opened my eyes to the depths and complexities of Hodgson’s history and writings. I entered into brief correspondence with Sam at that time, and his enthusiasm and encouragement were key factors in starting me on the path of pursuing my own Hodgson studies.
Sam Gafford sadly passed away in 2019, leaving his site dormant. It remains a valuable treasure trove of information, and I will certainly aspire to follow Sam’s example in exploring and documenting all matters Hodgson.
2027 will see the 150th anniversary of William Hope Hodgson’s birth. There is still much to discuss regarding his work, and many areas of his life remain obscure and in need of further investigation. I hope this site can help in encouraging and chronicling such efforts.

Source: https://hodgsoniana.wordpress.com/2025/06/22/a-newwilliam-hope-hodgson-blog/ access on 28 february 2026.

A new William Hope Hodgson blog

Welcome to Hodgsoniana, a new blog about the life and works of author William Hope Hodgson (1877- 1918). The aim of this blog is to provide a home for articles and new research on Hodgson, details of Hodgson-related happenings, and just generally act as an up-to-date (hopefully) resource that’s open to anyone interested in this remarkable literary figure. At time of writing, there is a lack of other active websites covering this subject, which is why starting a blog seemed a worthwhile endeavour. At the very least, it gives me a place to post some Hodgson-related thoughts and findings I’ve been meaning to write up! My hope is that others may be moved to contribute also.
Before going any further, I want to recognise the work of the late Hodgson scholar Sam Gafford, and in particular his excellent Hodgson blog williamhopehodgson.wordpress.com. I first stumbled upon Sam’s blog back in 2016, and his work opened my eyes to the depths and complexities of Hodgson’s history and writings. I entered into brief correspondence with Sam at that time, and his enthusiasm and encouragement were key factors in starting me on the path of pursuing my own Hodgson studies.
Sam Gafford sadly passed away in 2019, leaving his site dormant. It remains a valuable treasure trove of information, and I will certainly aspire to follow Sam’s example in exploring and documenting all matters Hodgson.
2027 will see the 150th anniversary of William Hope Hodgson’s birth. There is still much to discuss regarding his work, and many areas of his life remain obscure and in need of further investigation. I hope this site can help in encouraging and chronicling such efforts.

Source: https://hodgsoniana.wordpress.com/2025/06/22/a-newwilliam-hope-hodgson-blog/ access on 28 february 2026.

Texto 41A2-I

_____ De acordo com Rajagopalan, a língua inglesa se tornou uma espécie de “língua mundi” ou “world english”. É uma “novi-língua” em plena acepção desse termo popularizado por George Orwell. Ela já escapou das mãos dos ingleses, dos norte-americanos, dos australianos, dos neozelandeses, enfim, de todos aqueles que, até bem pouco tempo atrás, eram tidos como proprietários do idioma.
_____ Para Siqueira, ensinar essa língua híbrida e franca que é o inglês demanda uma visita diária a novas fronteiras, que, por sua vez, geram novas prioridades, entre as quais se destacam as pedagogias mais adequadas para tal realidade. Portanto, estabelece-se como desafio a implementação de práticas pedagógicas que ressignifiquem o ensino de língua inglesa, tendo como enfoque, por conseguinte, o seu caráter híbrido e multifacetado.
_____ É importante também salientar que o ensino de língua inglesa à luz das premissas do inglês como língua franca (ILF) não objetiva rechaçar a importância do inglês comumente tido como hegemônico nem, muito menos, estabelecer ou enfatizar a dicotomia entre língua padrão e não padrão. Na verdade, essa dicotomia corroboraria ainda mais a hegemonia da língua padrão.
_____ No que tange ao ensino de língua inglesa, de acordo com Milroy, o que de fato precisa prevalecer no contexto escolar brasileiro é a busca pela maior viabilização de práticas pedagógicas que também promovam o caráter heterogêneo da língua, visto que um efeito importante da padronização para o senso comum é o desenvolvimento da crença em uma única forma de língua correta. Tal ideologia gera juízos carregados de preconceitos e de discriminação em termos de raça e classe social.
_____ Nessa direção, Gimenez, Calvo e El Kadri destacam que a comunicação com outros falantes não nativos de inglês ao redor do mundo é um motivo relevante para se aprender inglês. Além disso, outras variedades da língua inglesa que não apenas as norte-americanas ou a britânica precisam ser apresentadas aos alunos no desenvolvimento das habilidades receptivas e das de compreensão, assim como os temas trazidos para a sala de aula — os quais abrangem questões sociais de alcance global — precisam ser ampliados. Além disso, faz-se necessária uma maior conscientização sobre o papel das línguas nas sociedades e, especialmente, do inglês como língua de comunicação internacional, bem como sobre sua expansão no mundo e sua vinculação com a atual globalização econômica.
_____ Como bem sublinha Siqueira, ensinar e aprender inglês como língua franca implica colorir as salas de aula com diversos sotaques oriundos de lugares distantes, trazendo as vozes dos guetos, das minorias, dos imigrantes com suas tradições culturais de diferentes continentes, como a África, a Ásia e a América, e até do interior das grandes metrópoles dos países hegemônicos de língua inglesa.

Flávia Matias da Silva. O ensino de língua inglesa sob uma perspectiva intercultural:
caminhos e desafios. Internet: (com adaptações).

Texto CG3A1
Além de ser fonte de prazer, a ficção permite ao leitor aprender com a experiência ficcional. A simulação é usada, por exemplo, para se aprender a pilotar um avião, pois é útil passar um tempo em um simulador de voo. Apesar de ser essencial a prática em um avião real, na maior parte do tempo, não acontece muita coisa no ar. Já no ambiente seguro de um simulador, é possível enfrentar as mais diversas experiências e ensaiar como responder a situações críticas — e as habilidades aprendidas são transferidas ao pilotar um avião. Da mesma forma, quando nos envolvemos nas tramas da ficção, o que aprendemos é transferido para nossas interações cotidianas.
Ao compartilhar indiretamente os acontecimentos da história e fazer inferências sobre o desenvolvimento da trama, o leitor expande sua empatia. Ou seja, alinha seus pensamentos e suas emoções com os das personagens. Imagens de ressonância magnética mostraram que, quando as pessoas leem a descrição de ações, como “subindo as escadas”, a leitura leva à simulação do conteúdo motor e emocional no cérebro, acompanhada por mudanças nas regiões cerebrais que provocam as ações, como se o leitor as estivesse realizando.

Internet: (com adaptações).

Text 41A1-II
Internet: (adapted).