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ID 58979 Inglês FEPESE 2017
Texto associado
Opportunity Cost This phenomenon goes by the name of ‘opportunity cost,’ since by not investing in more equipment and a more rigid production flow, the company is forgoing the opportunity to earn increased profits. These costs are every bite as real as the payment of dollars out-of-pocket. This notion _______ opportunity cost can be reinforced _________ a famous saying ______ Benjamin Franklin, no slouch himself _________ operations management. To make the point, however, we must make a brief excursion into logic. One truth of logic is the validity of the so-called contrapositive, which says simply that if the statement “If A, then B” is true, then it is also true that “If not B, then not A.” That is, of every time A occurs B follows, then we can be sure that if B does not occur, then A did not occur as well. Enough logic then, and back to Ben Franklin. One of his Poor Richard sayings is that “A penny saved is a penny earned.” We have all recognized the truth of that since childhood, but I assert that by this saying Ben showed us he knows everything about opportunity cost. After all, what is the contrapositive of “A penny not earned is a penny not saved (i.e., a penny sent). All we are saying by this notion of opportunity cost is that “a penny not earned (an opportunity forgone) is a penny spent.” We shall often have occasion to consider opportunity costs, in analyzing and deciding various operations issues. SCHMENNER, Roger W. Production/Operations Management. 5th Edition. Prentice-Hall, 1993.

Choose the alternative that presents the correct words to complete the blanks in the 2 nd paragraph.

A of • by • of • at
B of • to • by • at
C on • of • for • in
D by • of • at • on
E from • to • on • at
ID 58978 Inglês FEPESE 2017
Texto associado
Opportunity Cost This phenomenon goes by the name of ‘opportunity cost,’ since by not investing in more equipment and a more rigid production flow, the company is forgoing the opportunity to earn increased profits. These costs are every bite as real as the payment of dollars out-of-pocket. This notion _______ opportunity cost can be reinforced _________ a famous saying ______ Benjamin Franklin, no slouch himself _________ operations management. To make the point, however, we must make a brief excursion into logic. One truth of logic is the validity of the so-called contrapositive, which says simply that if the statement “If A, then B” is true, then it is also true that “If not B, then not A.” That is, of every time A occurs B follows, then we can be sure that if B does not occur, then A did not occur as well. Enough logic then, and back to Ben Franklin. One of his Poor Richard sayings is that “A penny saved is a penny earned.” We have all recognized the truth of that since childhood, but I assert that by this saying Ben showed us he knows everything about opportunity cost. After all, what is the contrapositive of “A penny not earned is a penny not saved (i.e., a penny sent). All we are saying by this notion of opportunity cost is that “a penny not earned (an opportunity forgone) is a penny spent.” We shall often have occasion to consider opportunity costs, in analyzing and deciding various operations issues. SCHMENNER, Roger W. Production/Operations Management. 5th Edition. Prentice-Hall, 1993.

According to the text, it is correct to state that:

A ‘Opportunity cost” is an operation that the company earns increased profits.
B ‘Opportunity cost” is an opportunity that the company has to earn the payment of dollars out-of-pocket.
C ‘Opportunity cost” is a phenomenon that the company forgoes the opportunity to earn increased profits.
D ‘Opportunity cost” is a phenomenon where profits are increased by investing in more equipment.
E ‘Opportunity cost” is an operation where profits are increased by investing in more rigid production flow.
ID 58977 Inglês Sinônimos Synonyms FEPESE 2017
Texto associado
Opportunity Cost This phenomenon goes by the name of ‘opportunity cost,’ since by not investing in more equipment and a more rigid production flow, the company is forgoing the opportunity to earn increased profits. These costs are every bite as real as the payment of dollars out-of-pocket. This notion _______ opportunity cost can be reinforced _________ a famous saying ______ Benjamin Franklin, no slouch himself _________ operations management. To make the point, however, we must make a brief excursion into logic. One truth of logic is the validity of the so-called contrapositive, which says simply that if the statement “If A, then B” is true, then it is also true that “If not B, then not A.” That is, of every time A occurs B follows, then we can be sure that if B does not occur, then A did not occur as well. Enough logic then, and back to Ben Franklin. One of his Poor Richard sayings is that “A penny saved is a penny earned.” We have all recognized the truth of that since childhood, but I assert that by this saying Ben showed us he knows everything about opportunity cost. After all, what is the contrapositive of “A penny not earned is a penny not saved (i.e., a penny sent). All we are saying by this notion of opportunity cost is that “a penny not earned (an opportunity forgone) is a penny spent.” We shall often have occasion to consider opportunity costs, in analyzing and deciding various operations issues. SCHMENNER, Roger W. Production/Operations Management. 5th Edition. Prentice-Hall, 1993.

Match the words in column 1 to their definitions in column 2: Column 1 Words 1. profits 2. slouch 3. issue(s) 4. flow 5. validity Column 2 Definitions

( ) the continuous production or supply of something.

( ) the state of being legally or officially acceptable.

( ) the money you make in business or by selling things.

( ) to stand, sit or move in a lazy way, often with your shoulders and head bent forward.

( ) important topics that people are discussing or arguing about. Choose the alternative that presents the correct sequence, from top to bottom.

A 1 • 3 • 2 • 4 • 5
B 2 • 4 • 5 • 3 • 1
C 3 • 4 • 5 • 1 • 2
D 4 • 2 • 3 • 5 • 1
E 4 • 5 • 1 • 2 • 3
ID 58976 Inglês FEPESE 2017
Texto associado
Opportunity Cost This phenomenon goes by the name of ‘opportunity cost,’ since by not investing in more equipment and a more rigid production flow, the company is forgoing the opportunity to earn increased profits. These costs are every bite as real as the payment of dollars out-of-pocket. This notion _______ opportunity cost can be reinforced _________ a famous saying ______ Benjamin Franklin, no slouch himself _________ operations management. To make the point, however, we must make a brief excursion into logic. One truth of logic is the validity of the so-called contrapositive, which says simply that if the statement “If A, then B” is true, then it is also true that “If not B, then not A.” That is, of every time A occurs B follows, then we can be sure that if B does not occur, then A did not occur as well. Enough logic then, and back to Ben Franklin. One of his Poor Richard sayings is that “A penny saved is a penny earned.” We have all recognized the truth of that since childhood, but I assert that by this saying Ben showed us he knows everything about opportunity cost. After all, what is the contrapositive of “A penny not earned is a penny not saved (i.e., a penny sent). All we are saying by this notion of opportunity cost is that “a penny not earned (an opportunity forgone) is a penny spent.” We shall often have occasion to consider opportunity costs, in analyzing and deciding various operations issues. SCHMENNER, Roger W. Production/Operations Management. 5th Edition. Prentice-Hall, 1993.

According to the 4th rule of the text, the term ‘dollars out-of-pocket ’ has its meaning correctly explained in which alternative?

A costs with your employers.
B money you pay back later to yourself.
C business profits that you pay to yourself.
D money you discard after small business expenses.
E money that you have to spend yourself rather than having it paid for you.
ID 58975 Inglês Presente simples Simple present FEPESE 2017
Texto associado
Opportunity Cost This phenomenon goes by the name of ‘opportunity cost,’ since by not investing in more equipment and a more rigid production flow, the company is forgoing the opportunity to earn increased profits. These costs are every bite as real as the payment of dollars out-of-pocket. This notion _______ opportunity cost can be reinforced _________ a famous saying ______ Benjamin Franklin, no slouch himself _________ operations management. To make the point, however, we must make a brief excursion into logic. One truth of logic is the validity of the so-called contrapositive, which says simply that if the statement “If A, then B” is true, then it is also true that “If not B, then not A.” That is, of every time A occurs B follows, then we can be sure that if B does not occur, then A did not occur as well. Enough logic then, and back to Ben Franklin. One of his Poor Richard sayings is that “A penny saved is a penny earned.” We have all recognized the truth of that since childhood, but I assert that by this saying Ben showed us he knows everything about opportunity cost. After all, what is the contrapositive of “A penny not earned is a penny not saved (i.e., a penny sent). All we are saying by this notion of opportunity cost is that “a penny not earned (an opportunity forgone) is a penny spent.” We shall often have occasion to consider opportunity costs, in analyzing and deciding various operations issues. SCHMENNER, Roger W. Production/Operations Management. 5th Edition. Prentice-Hall, 1993.

Study the following sentence: “This phenomenon goes by the name of ‘opportunity cost,’ since by not investing in more equipment and a more rigid production flow, the company is forgoing the opportunity to earn increased profits.” Analyze the sentences bellow: 1. the word ‘investing’ is being used in the sentence as a continuous verb. 2. the tense used in: ‘ goes , is the simple present. 3. the word ‘phenomenon’ is the singular form of ‘phenomena’. 4. the words ‘not investing’ is being used in the present continuous tense. Choose the alternative which presents the correct ones:

A Only 2 is correct.
B Only 1 and 3 are correct.
C Only 1 and 4 are correct.
D Only 2 and 3 are correct.
E Only 1, 2 and 4 are correct.
ID 58974 Inglês FEPESE 2017
Texto associado
Opportunity Cost This phenomenon goes by the name of ‘opportunity cost,’ since by not investing in more equipment and a more rigid production flow, the company is forgoing the opportunity to earn increased profits. These costs are every bite as real as the payment of dollars out-of-pocket. This notion _______ opportunity cost can be reinforced _________ a famous saying ______ Benjamin Franklin, no slouch himself _________ operations management. To make the point, however, we must make a brief excursion into logic. One truth of logic is the validity of the so-called contrapositive, which says simply that if the statement “If A, then B” is true, then it is also true that “If not B, then not A.” That is, of every time A occurs B follows, then we can be sure that if B does not occur, then A did not occur as well. Enough logic then, and back to Ben Franklin. One of his Poor Richard sayings is that “A penny saved is a penny earned.” We have all recognized the truth of that since childhood, but I assert that by this saying Ben showed us he knows everything about opportunity cost. After all, what is the contrapositive of “A penny not earned is a penny not saved (i.e., a penny sent). All we are saying by this notion of opportunity cost is that “a penny not earned (an opportunity forgone) is a penny spent.” We shall often have occasion to consider opportunity costs, in analyzing and deciding various operations issues. SCHMENNER, Roger W. Production/Operations Management. 5th Edition. Prentice-Hall, 1993.

According to the text, the notion stated in the first paragraph can be reinforced by:

A Ben Roger W.
B Benjamin Franklin.
C Poor Richard Schmenner.
D Roger W. Schmenner.
E Roger W. Franklin.
ID 58973 Inglês FEPESE 2017
Texto associado
Opportunity Cost This phenomenon goes by the name of ‘opportunity cost,’ since by not investing in more equipment and a more rigid production flow, the company is forgoing the opportunity to earn increased profits. These costs are every bite as real as the payment of dollars out-of-pocket. This notion _______ opportunity cost can be reinforced _________ a famous saying ______ Benjamin Franklin, no slouch himself _________ operations management. To make the point, however, we must make a brief excursion into logic. One truth of logic is the validity of the so-called contrapositive, which says simply that if the statement “If A, then B” is true, then it is also true that “If not B, then not A.” That is, of every time A occurs B follows, then we can be sure that if B does not occur, then A did not occur as well. Enough logic then, and back to Ben Franklin. One of his Poor Richard sayings is that “A penny saved is a penny earned.” We have all recognized the truth of that since childhood, but I assert that by this saying Ben showed us he knows everything about opportunity cost. After all, what is the contrapositive of “A penny not earned is a penny not saved (i.e., a penny sent). All we are saying by this notion of opportunity cost is that “a penny not earned (an opportunity forgone) is a penny spent.” We shall often have occasion to consider opportunity costs, in analyzing and deciding various operations issues. SCHMENNER, Roger W. Production/Operations Management. 5th Edition. Prentice-Hall, 1993.

Choose the correct alternative according to the text.

A “If A, then B” is true, then it is also true that “If not B, then not A”
B “If A, then B” is not true, then it is also true that “If not B, then not A.”.
C “If B, then A” is true, then it is not true that “If not A, then not B.”
D A seldom occurs B follows, then we can assure that if B occurs, then A did not occur as well.
E Every time A occurs B follows, then we can assure that if B occurs, then A did not occur as well.
ID 58972 Arquivologia Palavras conectivas Connective words FEPESE 2017
Texto associado
Opportunity Cost This phenomenon goes by the name of ‘opportunity cost,’ since by not investing in more equipment and a more rigid production flow, the company is forgoing the opportunity to earn increased profits. These costs are every bite as real as the payment of dollars out-of-pocket. This notion _______ opportunity cost can be reinforced _________ a famous saying ______ Benjamin Franklin, no slouch himself _________ operations management. To make the point, however, we must make a brief excursion into logic. One truth of logic is the validity of the so-called contrapositive, which says simply that if the statement “If A, then B” is true, then it is also true that “If not B, then not A.” That is, of every time A occurs B follows, then we can be sure that if B does not occur, then A did not occur as well. Enough logic then, and back to Ben Franklin. One of his Poor Richard sayings is that “A penny saved is a penny earned.” We have all recognized the truth of that since childhood, but I assert that by this saying Ben showed us he knows everything about opportunity cost. After all, what is the contrapositive of “A penny not earned is a penny not saved (i.e., a penny sent). All we are saying by this notion of opportunity cost is that “a penny not earned (an opportunity forgone) is a penny spent.” We shall often have occasion to consider opportunity costs, in analyzing and deciding various operations issues. SCHMENNER, Roger W. Production/Operations Management. 5th Edition. Prentice-Hall, 1993.

Analyze the sentences according to structure and grammar use. 1. The word ‘himself’ underlined in the text, is being used in the sentence as a reflexive pronoun. 2. The negative form of: ‘This phenomenon goes by the name of ‘opportunity cost,...’, is: ‘This phenomenon doesn’t go by the name of ‘opportunity cost,…’ 3. The words in bold in the text are examples of irregular verbs. 4. The word ‘however’ in: ‘To make the point, however, we must make a brief excursion into logic.’ is being used as a contrastive connector Choose the alternative which presents the correct ones:

A Only 1 is correct.
B Only 2 is correct.
C Only 1 and 2 are correct.
D Only 3 and 4 are correct.
E Only 1, 2 and 4 are correct.
ID 58971 Inglês Sinônimos Synonyms FEPESE 2017
Texto associado
Opportunity Cost This phenomenon goes by the name of ‘opportunity cost,’ since by not investing in more equipment and a more rigid production flow, the company is forgoing the opportunity to earn increased profits. These costs are every bite as real as the payment of dollars out-of-pocket. This notion _______ opportunity cost can be reinforced _________ a famous saying ______ Benjamin Franklin, no slouch himself _________ operations management. To make the point, however, we must make a brief excursion into logic. One truth of logic is the validity of the so-called contrapositive, which says simply that if the statement “If A, then B” is true, then it is also true that “If not B, then not A.” That is, of every time A occurs B follows, then we can be sure that if B does not occur, then A did not occur as well. Enough logic then, and back to Ben Franklin. One of his Poor Richard sayings is that “A penny saved is a penny earned.” We have all recognized the truth of that since childhood, but I assert that by this saying Ben showed us he knows everything about opportunity cost. After all, what is the contrapositive of “A penny not earned is a penny not saved (i.e., a penny sent). All we are saying by this notion of opportunity cost is that “a penny not earned (an opportunity forgone) is a penny spent.” We shall often have occasion to consider opportunity costs, in analyzing and deciding various operations issues. SCHMENNER, Roger W. Production/Operations Management. 5th Edition. Prentice-Hall, 1993.

The word reinforce (2 nd paragraph) is closest in meaning to:

A strong effect
B to feel better
C violent action
D to make stronger
E to bring something into force
ID 58970 Inglês FEPESE 2017
Texto associado
Opportunity Cost This phenomenon goes by the name of ‘opportunity cost,’ since by not investing in more equipment and a more rigid production flow, the company is forgoing the opportunity to earn increased profits. These costs are every bite as real as the payment of dollars out-of-pocket. This notion _______ opportunity cost can be reinforced _________ a famous saying ______ Benjamin Franklin, no slouch himself _________ operations management. To make the point, however, we must make a brief excursion into logic. One truth of logic is the validity of the so-called contrapositive, which says simply that if the statement “If A, then B” is true, then it is also true that “If not B, then not A.” That is, of every time A occurs B follows, then we can be sure that if B does not occur, then A did not occur as well. Enough logic then, and back to Ben Franklin. One of his Poor Richard sayings is that “A penny saved is a penny earned.” We have all recognized the truth of that since childhood, but I assert that by this saying Ben showed us he knows everything about opportunity cost. After all, what is the contrapositive of “A penny not earned is a penny not saved (i.e., a penny sent). All we are saying by this notion of opportunity cost is that “a penny not earned (an opportunity forgone) is a penny spent.” We shall often have occasion to consider opportunity costs, in analyzing and deciding various operations issues. SCHMENNER, Roger W. Production/Operations Management. 5th Edition. Prentice-Hall, 1993.

What’s the meaning of the phrase ‘A penny saved is a penny earned’?

A A penny spent was never a penny won.
B A penny saved was never a penny earned.
C It is as useful to save money that you already have as it is to earn more.
D It is as useless to save money that you already have as it is to earn more.
E It is important to save money that you don’t have as it is to win more.