Questões para Concursos

TEXT 2

People who read books are nicer than those who don’t, study finds.

People often think that, yes, books make you smarter but at the same time people who read a lot struggle when it comes to social relationships. A new study reveals that this is not true. In fact, reading could actually make you a _____, _____ person. It also makes you act in a _____ acceptable manner.
The study, conducted by Kingston University in London, involved 124 participants. Participants were quizzed on their preferences for books, TV, and plays. They were also tested on interpersonal skills including how much they considered other people’s feelings and whether they acted to help others.
The study found that those who preferred books were more likely to act in a socially acceptable manner compared to those who preferred watching TV. Those who preferred watching TV, on the other hand, came across as less friendly and less understanding of others’ views.
However, not all types of books tend to have the same effect. The study shows that the type of literature you choose also has a huge impact on your emotional intelligence. In particular, the study revealed that fiction fans showed more positive social behavior while readers of drama and romance novels were found to be the most empathic. In the same vein, fans of experimental books were most able to see things from alternative perspectives, and readers who favored comedy fans were best at relating to others.
“Exposure to fiction relates to a range of empathetic abilities […] Engaging with fictional prose and comedy in particular could be key to enhancing people’s empathetic abilities,” said the researchers during the British Psychological Society conference in Brighton.
It should be borne in mind, however, that the study did not prove cause-and-effect. It may very well be that nicer people are more drawn to reading books.

Adapted from: https://thelanguagenerds.com. Accessed on: 28 Feb. 2023.

There are several things to keep in mind when determining what field of IT to go into. Keep an eye on job websites to see which jobs are most in demand. Keep in mind that for many jobs described in an ad, there are several levels of positions available. For instance, there are “junior”, “senior”, and “lead” software developer positions available.
Be honest with yourself. If you don’t have previous experience, good contacts, or a good degree from a well-known university, you may want to apply for a lower-level job first. Also, find out what the job you are seeking typically pays in your area. If you are young, unemployed or are struggling financially, try and keep your salary expectations a bit lower than the average. That may improve your chances of getting hired.
Once you have work experience, then you will be in a good position to ask for more money. Sometimes the best way to get more money is to quit your job and work for another similar company. This may sound cruel or thankless, but that’s how business works in the real world.
Everyone who works hard deserves a raise every year. How do you show your IT manager that you are a good performer? Easy. Show up on time, be dependable, be active in the meetings, and always do a little bit more than is asked of you. Also, equally important is to be well-liked by members of your team.
One thing to bear in mind is the importance of learning something new every day. IT is an area where people are judged largely by how much they know. There are some things you can do to increase your worth to your company, like learning a new programming language or studying to be a project manager. Also, meeting company goals can have beneficial results when it’s time to renegotiate salaries, survive a round of layoffs, or get a promotion.

Internet: (adapted).

Based on the text previous text, judge the following items.

Language teachers, like other teachers, had to quickly rethink priorities and means of delivery in response to the Covid-19 pandemic as well as measures to manage the pandemic. It isn’t surprising then that some of the findings in our 2021 survey relate to the pandemic.
Language teaching was suspended by local education boards at one in five primary schools in January 2021 due to Covid-19, and the impact has been felt more acutely in deprived areas. Teachers in state secondary schools report that two in five pupils in Key Stage 3 (lower secondary) did not engage with language learning during the first national lockdown, leading to time lost to language learning for a lot of pupils.
Dr Ian Collen said that “the most disadvantaged pupils are most likely to have been negatively affected by the impact of Covid-19, experiencing greater disruption to their language learning and fewer international opportunities. Looking to the future, schools should consider giving more curriculum time to languages, as well as more opportunities to use languages in real life, such as visits abroad.”
Many teachers reported that they cannot wait to get back to face-to-face teaching in the classroom. Despite the barriers they have faced over the past year, it is encouraging to see how they pivoted to remote learning during the national lockdowns.

Internet: (adapted).

Based on the previous text, judge the following items.

Environmental and economic impacts of crude oil and natural gas production in developing countries

Environmental impacts that occur during the production of crude oil would mostly occur from long-term habitat change within the oil and gas field, production activities (including facility component maintenance or replacement), waste management (e.g. produced water), noise (e.g. from well operations, compressor or pump stations, flare stack, vehicle and equipment), the presence of workers and potential spills.
The adverse environmental impacts which could happen during production of crude oil and natural gas include: disturbance of wildlife due to noise and human activity; exposure of biota to contaminants; and mortality of biota resulting from collisions against aboveground facilities or with vehicles.
The presence of production wells, ancillary facilities and access road reduces habitat quality, disturbs the biota and thus affects ecological resources. Discharge of produced water inappropriately onto soil or into surface water bodies can result in salinity levels becoming too high to sustain plant growth.
Wildlife is always prone to have contact with petroleum-based products and other contaminants in reserve pits and water management facilities. Animals could become entrapped in the oil and drown, or they could ingest toxic quantities of oil, or succumb to cold stress if the oil damages the insulation provided by their feathers or fur.
Internet: (adapted).

Based on the text, judge the following items.

The worn wooden floorboards squeak under Rafael Molina’s heavy steps as he paces the saloon. Outside, the sound of galloping horses breaks the silence of the surrounding desert. All around him, the Old West town’s empty shops and abandoned houses look as if they have just been ransacked by cowboy bandits.
“When I was a kid, I could only dream about all this,” says the 68-year-old former actor and stuntman. “My aspiration was to see a film set firsthand. Today I own one of the most famous ones in the history of Western movies.”
But this busy movie site is located in Spain — not Montana or Texas. It’s one of three faux Old Western towns in the small village of Tabernas and the surrounding desert of the Almería province. Since the late 1950s, these rugged mountains, arid plains, and dry canyons have provided the backdrops for more than 170 movie Westerns, including The Good, The Bad and The Ugly (1966) and Once Upon a Time in The West (1968).
Molina belongs to a small community of local cowboy actors and stuntmen in Tabernas who have played a role in movies and TV shows since the first productions in the 1950s. They can perform anything from fistfights to horse drags. Knowledge and skills often pass from father to son, keeping tricks of the trade in the family. Steeped in the golden era of Westerns, these actors embody the values of their movie heroes: pride, bravado, freedom, and a trusting relationship with horses.
“I’ve always liked horses and the [U.S.] West,” says 29-year-old Ricardo Cruz Fernández, a stuntman and cowboy who appeared in recent productions including Game of Thrones. Fernández started his career as a cowboy after completing a stuntman course a decade ago.
Between productions, he performs daily shows at Fort Bravo for thousands of tourists who visit the set each year. In one show, Fernández portrays a bank robber who absconds with some gold. Visitors encounter him in the saloon, fist and (fake) gun fighting with actors playing his double-crossing accomplices. The town also offers cancan dance shows and set tours by horse-drawn wagon.
“I prefer to play the bad guy, because it gives me a wider range of possibilities,” says Fernández. “The good guy only has to keep things in order.”
Almería has hosted more than 500 productions, including blockbuster films ( Patton, Terminator: Dark Fate ) and TV shows ( Doctor Who ). “Our landscapes are very convenient. We have sea, desert, and snowy mountains all within a short distance,” says local producer Plácido Martínez. “We can serve as Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, California, and endless other natural settings.”
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Matteo Fagotto. The Wild West lives on in southern Spain.
In: National Geographic. Internet: (adapted)
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Concerning the previous text and its linguistic aspects, judge the following items. -

Taking into account the following text, judge the subsequent items.

Perspectives on modern data analytics
By Eric Knorr - Editor in Chief, CIO | APR 12, 2021 3:00 AM PDT

Some things don't change, even during a pandemic. Consistent with previous years, in CIO’s 2021 State of the CIO survey, a plurality of the 1,062 IT leaders surveyed chose “data/business analytics” as the No.1 tech initiative expected to drive IT investment.
Unfortunately, analytics initiatives seldom do nearly as well when it comes to stakeholder satisfaction.
Last year, CIO contributor Mary K. Pratt offered an excellent analysis of why data analytics initiatives still fail, including poor-quality or siloed data, vague rather than targeted business objectives, and clunky one-size-fits-all feature sets. But a number of fresh approaches and technologies are making these pratfalls less likely.
(...)
New technology invariably incurs new risks. No advancement has had more momentous impact on analytics than machine learning – from automating data prep to detecting meaningful patterns in data – but it also adds an unforeseen hazard. As CSO Senior Writer Lucian Constantin explains in "How data poisoning attacks corrupt machine learning models," deliberately skewed data injected by malicious hackers can tilt models toward some nefarious goal. The result could be, say, manipulated product recommendations, or even the ability for hackers to infer confidential underlying data.
(...)
In the end, the secret to successful analytics is not in choosing and implementing the perfect technology, but in cultivating a broad understanding that pervasive analytics yields better decisions and superior outcomes. Usually, you can iron out technology kinks or requirements misunderstandings. But if you can't change the mindset, few will use the beautiful analytics machine you just built.

Disponível em: https://www.cio.com/article/3614692/5-perspectives-on-modern-data-analytics.html. Acesso em: 15 out. 2021.

TEXT 1 – Questions 31 to 40

Developing a Love of Reading in Students

Exposing new readers to a variety of genres can help them find the books they love. Plus, we’ll show some reading comprehension strategies to deepen their engagement.
By Kathryn Starke
January 31, 2020
Every elementary school teacher is essential in helping each child on his or her reading journey. When we provide the resources to meet the literacy needs of our students beginning as early as prekindergarten, students and teachers will feel both confident and competent in teaching and learning to read.
While helping students learn to read, it is also important to create a love of reading. Students who read voluntarily report less negativity about reading than those who are required to read. Motivation is the key here. One of the best resources I have found for creating motivation is a shelf filled with books that match students’ interest level and reading level. They should be surrounded by titles that reflect the lives of themselves as well as their classmates.
Also, students should be provided with books that represent all genres so that they can determine what they most enjoy reading. Student book choice is the first step in getting children hooked on reading. When students have ownership of their reading, successful, independent readers begin to bloom.
Assume that students have no understanding of the vocabulary words or content of the text. Allow them to make predictions, make connections, and ask questions before every reading experience to gauge their knowledge. These three comprehension strategies inform a teacher of the students’ proficiency about a particular topic. Encourage readers to use the title and pictures to make a prediction about what the book is about before reading it. During reading, students confirm their prediction and make a connection.

(Adapted from: https://www.edutopia.org)

A respeito das ideias, dos aspectos gramaticais e do vocabulário do
texto apresentado, julgue os itens a seguir.

Text for the items from 13 to 22.
The first computer programmer

1 Ada Lovelace was the daughter of the English poet
Lord Byron. She was taught by Mary Somerville, a
well‐known researcher and scientific author, who
4 introduced her to Charles Babbage in 1833. Babbage was a
respected English mathematician and mechanical engineer
who first had the idea for a programmable computer.
7 In 1842 and 1843, Ada translated the work of an
Italian mathematician, Luigi Menabrea, on Babbage's
Analytical Engine. Babbage worked on it for many years
10 until his death in 1871. However, because of financial,
political, and legal issues the engine was never built. The
design of the machine was very modern; it anticipated the
13 first completed general‐purpose computers by about
100 years.
When Ada translated the article, she added some
16 notes which specified in detail a method for calculating
certain numbers with the Analytical Engine, which have
since been recognized by historians as the world’s first
19 computer program. She also saw possibilities in it that
Babbage hadn’t. Indeed, she recognized that the machine
had applications beyond mere calculation; composing
22 pieces of music was one of them.
Internet: (adapted).
Based on the text, judge the items below.