Questões para Concursos

Village’s Amateur Archaeologists Find Lost Tudor Palace When a group of amateur archaeologists set out to find the buried remains of a Tudor palace in their Northamptonshire village five years ago, they knew the odds were against them. “Many of us were brought up in the village, and you hear about this lost palace, and wonder whether it’s a myth or real. So we just wanted to find it”, said Chris Close, the chair of the Collyweston Historical and Preservation Society (Chaps) which made the discovery of the Palace of Collyweston in a back garden this year. “But we’re a bunch of amateurs. We had no money, no expertise, no plans, no artist impressions to go off, and nothing remaining of the palace. It was naivety and just hard work that has led us to it”. The site was found using geophysical surveys and ground-penetrating radar. Various attempts had been made in the 1980s and 90s to find Collyweston Palace, the home of Henry VII’s mother, Lady Margaret Beaufort. However, without the advantage of modern technology, none had succeeded. The palace was famous during the 15th century and several historic events took place there. The pre-wedding celebrations of Margaret Tudor to James IV of Scotland in 1503 took place in the palace, and Henry VIII is recorded as holding court there on 16 and 17 October 1541. By the mid-17th century, it had fallen into disrepair, and until the Chaps dig uncovered the palace walls in March, there was very little remaining evidence of its existence. “A number of things have only really come to light as we’ve done this project”, said Close. “As you do more and more research, and various different records start to become unearthed, we realized Collyweston had privy councils being run from here, which is of massive national importance”. Historians from the University of York helped verify the group’s findings and identify the palace through some uncovered stone moldings, and will work with Chaps on more excavations to further reveal the structure and conserve it for the future. The Chaps team, which comprises more than 80 members ranging from teenagers to people in their 70s and 80s, first set out their plan to find the palace in March 2018, using “local folktales and hearsay” to help refine their search area. They carried out geophysical surveys and used ground-penetrating radar (GPR) to help reveal the location of the palace walls, before securing permission from homeowners to excavate in gardens. “We’ve done it all on an absolute shoestring”, said Close. “We’ve basically done an £80,000-£90,000 project for roughly £13,000. For us, being a little society, to have achieved this with no money, or expertise, or plans, I think it’s something that the whole society should be proud of”. (Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/science/2023/dec/06/tudor-collyweston-palace-northamptonshire-found-in-garden-by-amateur-archeologists - text especially adapted for this test).

Text 2 Olympic Games The name comes from Olympia, a sacred place in Ancient Greece, where the first Ancient Olympic Games took place . The Games were a very important event for the Ancient Greeks and they took place every four years, from 776 BCE to at least 393 CE. The Games were very different from the ones we know now! They were essentially a religious festival, the athletes were mainly soldiers, and women were not allowed to compete. Married women were not even allowed to attend! Sports included boxing, wrestling and chariot racing. Athletes competed completely naked, and occasionally even died during combat sport competitions. From Ancient Greece, we fast forward .................. the 1896 Olympics in Athens, which marked the beginning ................... a new era of the Games. The 1896 Olympic Games saw 280 athletes .................. 12 countries competing ................... 43 events, including the first marathon competition. By the time the Paris Olympics took place in 1924, there were around 3,000 athletes, including more than 100 women, from more than 44 different countries. This was also the year that the first Winter Olympics were held. The Paralympic Games first took place in Rome, Italy, in 1960, with 400 athletes from 23 countries. The ‘Olympic rings’ are a globally known symbol of the Olympic movement and were introduced in 1913. The colours of the five linked rings are, from left to right, blue, yellow, black, green and red, and they appear on a white background. They represent the union of five continents and the meeting of athletes from around the world.