Questões para Concursos

No que se refere a auditoria e conformidade, à elaboração de planos de continuidade, ao gerenciamento de riscos de acordo com a norma ISO 27005 e ao gerenciamento de serviços conforme o ITIL 4, julgue os itens subsequentes.

Text CB1A6

First established in 2002 by the Brazilian government, and later expanded with the support of WWF and private donors, the conservation program known as ARPA helps protect 120 conservation areas spanning more than 60 million hectares — about the size of Ukraine — of the Brazilian Amazon. The program initially worked on creating new protected areas and then on designing a durable financial mechanism to support their protection.
A new phase, called ARPA Comunidades (Communities), is now shifting the focus to the traditional communities who live within the forest and help protect it. Half of the conservation areas covered by ARPA are sustainable-use conservation units like the Chico Mendes Extractive Reserve, inhabited by local communities who live sustainably off the forest‘s resources.
Announced during the COP30 climate summit in the Amazonian city of Belém, ARPA Comunidades will focus on these 60 sustainable-use reserves, which together cover an area of 23.7 million hectares, nearly the size of the U.K. The aim is to help reduce deforestation and improve the well-being of the local populations by supporting the development of local bioeconomies. Over 15 years, the program hopes to directly impact 130,000 people. It will also seek to add a further 3 million hectares of protected areas.
A 2023 paper by the Escolhas Institute, a Brazilian research organization, found that a 1% reduction in extreme poverty in the Brazilian Amazon has the potential to reduce deforestation by 27,000 hectares in the region.
Greater recognition of local communities‘ needs and role in protecting the forest is not a new demand, said Carlos Durigan, a researcher at the Amazon Environmental Research Institute (IPAM).
Internet: (adapted).

Considerando a Declaração de Belém sobre Fome, Pobreza e Ação Climática Centrada nas Pessoas, adotada na COP30-2025, assim como os avanços e retrocessos no direito ambiental internacional, julgue os itens subsequentes.

Considere uma economia descrita pelo seguinte sistema de equações, em tempo contínuo.

Função de produção agregada

Y = F ( K , N )
F K ​ > 0 , F N ​ > 0 , F K N ​ > 0 , F N N ​ < 0 , F K K ​ < 0 , em que F i ​ é a primeira derivada da função de produção com relação ao insumo i , e F i i ​ é a segunda derivada da função de produção com relação ao insumo i

Demanda de trabalho em termos reais

P w ​ = F N ​

Função Investimento

I = I ( q ( K , N , r − π ) − 1 )
I ′ < 0 , em que I ′ é a derivada do investimento em relação à taxa de juros

Função Consumo

C = C ( Y − T )
0 < C ′ < 1 , em que C ′ é a derivada do consumo em relação à renda disponível

Equilíbrio no mercado de bens

Y = C + I + G + δ K ( 5 )

Equilíbrio Monetário

P M ​ = m ( Y , r ) (6), em que ܻ Y é o produto, ܰ N o emprego, K o estoque de capital, w o salário nominal, ܲ P o nível geral de preços, I o investimento, q o Q de Tobin, r a taxa nominal de juros, π a taxa de inflação, C o consumo, ܶ T os tributos autônomos, G os gastos autônomos do governo, ݉ m ( Y , r ) a demanda real por moeda e M o estoque nominal de moeda, δ K a taxa de depreciação do estoque de capital.

Considere, ainda, um regime em que

● o governo (via Banco Central) controla exogenamente a quantidade de moeda M ;

● o estoque de capital é constante no tempo.

A respeito dessa economia, julgue os itens que se seguem.

Considere uma economia descrita pelo seguinte sistema de equações, em tempo contínuo.

Função de produção agregada

Y = F ( K , N )
F K ​ > 0 , F N ​ > 0 , F K N ​ > 0 , F N N ​ < 0 , F K K ​ < 0 , em que F i ​ é a primeira derivada da função de produção com relação ao insumo i , e F i i ​ é a segunda derivada da função de produção com relação ao insumo i

Demanda de trabalho em termos reais

P w ​ = F N ​

Função Investimento

I = I ( q ( K , N , r − π ) − 1 )
I ′ < 0 , em que I ′ é a derivada do investimento em relação à taxa de juros

Função Consumo

C = C ( Y − T )
0 < C ′ < 1 , em que C ′ é a derivada do consumo em relação à renda disponível

Equilíbrio no mercado de bens

Y = C + I + G + δ K ( 5 )

Equilíbrio Monetário

P M ​ = m ( Y , r ) (6), em que ܻ Y é o produto, ܰ N o emprego, K o estoque de capital, w o salário nominal, ܲ P o nível geral de preços, I o investimento, q o Q de Tobin, r a taxa nominal de juros, π a taxa de inflação, C o consumo, ܶ T os tributos autônomos, G os gastos autônomos do governo, ݉ m ( Y , r ) a demanda real por moeda e M o estoque nominal de moeda, δ K a taxa de depreciação do estoque de capital.

Considere, ainda, um regime em que

● o governo (via Banco Central) controla exogenamente a quantidade de moeda M ;

● o estoque de capital é constante no tempo.

A respeito dessa economia, julgue os itens que se seguem.

Tendo em vista as transformações contemporâneas no multilateralismo e nas Nações Unidas, julgue os itens que se seguem.

Considerando a relevância da política externa dos EUA para o sistema internacional contemporâneo, julgue os próximos itens.

Qatar has made itself into the diplomatic capital of the world. Dotted across Doha are the many palaces and offices that have hosted, over recent years, negotiations about the many intractable diplomatic issues that have taken place the world over.
The power Qatar has come to wield has taken many observers by surprise. As a traditional Muslim monarchy in the Middle East, Qatar is a new kind of location for the sort of high-stakes geopolitical deal-making transacted until recently in Geneva and Oslo. Yet since October, the nation’s massive investment in becoming the world’s go-between has come into its own. Having long cultivated close relations with both the US and Hamas, Qatar became the locus of ceasefire negotiations in major local conflicts, as well as discussions over aid and evacuating the wounded. Its mediation has grown from a strategy to enhance its own safety into a role that underpins the entire world’s security.

Nesrine Malik. The go-between: how Qatar became the global capital of diplomacy. In: The Guardian. Internet: (adapted).

About the preceding text, judge the following items.

In recent years, awareness has grown of the scope and scale of violence and discrimination directed at lesbian, gay, bi, trans (LGBT) and intersex people around the world ⸺ including killings, torture, arbitrary detention and widespread discrimination in access to health care, education, employment and housing.
United Nations, regional and national human rights bodies have identified critical gaps in the implementation of international standards to address these and related violations, and have issued a plethora of recommendations, including, among them, the repeal of discriminatory legislation and measures to protect LGBT and intersex people from discrimination, violence, torture and ill treatment, and safeguard rights to freedom of expression, association and peaceful assembly.
Increasingly, governments are taking action ⸺ whether in the form of legislation and policy measures or through targeted social and education programmes. At the United Nations Human Rights Council, more than one hundred countries from all regions around the world have voluntarily committed to take measures to end violence and discrimination linked to sexual orientation and gender identity, based on recommendations generated during the first two cycles of the Universal Periodic Review.
However, serious challenges remain. While many countries have taken encouraging steps, in most cases, these efforts have fallen short of the concerted strategy required to tackle violence and discrimination against LGBT and intersex people. Even in countries that have arguably recorded the most progress in respect of the rights of gay men and lesbians, there has been far less attention given to protecting the rights of trans people and only incipient attention to the rights of intersex people.

United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR). Living Free and Equal: What States are doing to tackle violence and discrimination against lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex people. (2016). Internet: (adapted).

Considering the ideas and linguistic aspects of the previous text, judge the following items.

Culture is ordinary. Every human society has its own shape, its own purposes, its own meanings. Every human society expresses these, in institutions, and in arts and learning. The making of a society is the finding of common meanings and directions, and its growth is an active debate and amendment under the pressures of experience, contact, and discovery, writing themselves into the land. The growing society is there, yet it is also made and remade in every individual mind.
The making of a mind is, first, the slow learning of shapes, purposes, and meanings, so that work, observation and communication are possible. Then, second, but equal in importance, is the testing of these in experience, the making of new observations, comparisons, and meanings.
A culture has two aspects: the known meanings and directions, which its members are trained to; the new observations and meanings, which are offered and tested. These are the ordinary processes of human societies and human minds, and we see through them the nature of a culture: that it is always both traditional and creative; that it is both the most ordinary common meanings and the finest individual meanings.
We use the word culture in these two senses: to mean a whole way of life ⸺ the common meanings; to mean the arts and learning ⸺ the special processes of discovery and creative effort. Some writers reserve the word for one or other of these senses; I insist on both, and on the significance of their conjunction. The questions I ask about our culture are questions about our general and common purposes, yet also questions about deep personal meanings.
Culture is ordinary, in every society and in every mind.

Raymond Williams. Culture is Ordinary. In: R. Williams. Resources of Hope: Culture, Democracy, Socialism. London: Verso, 1989. p. 3-14 (adapted).

Based on the grammatical and semantic aspects of the preceding text, judge the items that follow.