Questões para Concursos

Scientists study the world’s oldest person After being bewildered by the “super grandmother’s” great health at 116 years old, scientists are studying Maria Branyas, the world’s oldest person, in an attempt to unearth the secret to a long life. Mr. Branyas was born __ San Francisco __ 1907, and __ the age of eight, she moved __ Catalonia, Spain, where her family was originally from. Ms. Branyas, known to her X followers as the “Super Catalan Grandma”, has lived in the region ever since and has resided in the same nursing home, Residència Santa María del Tura, for the last 22 years. She has agreed to undergo scientific testing, which researchers hope will further their understanding of certain illnesses associated with old age, such as neurodegenerative or cardiovascular diseases. Despite her age, Ms. Branyas has no health complications other than mobility issues and hearing (she suffered permanent hearing loss when she was a child). She also still has a great memory: “She has a completely lucid head,” scientist Manel Esteller told ABC, a Spanish outlet. “She remembers with impressive clarity episodes of her when she was only four years old, and she does not present any cardiovascular disease, common in elderly people.” Esteller, who studies genetics and how it applies to health conditions, became curious about how Ms. Branyas’ genetic makeup might affect her aging. After a long talk with Ms. Branyas, Mr. Esteller believes there must be more to her longevity than meets the eye. The remarkable woman has not had an easy life; she survived an earthquake while she was in the US, a major fire, both world wars, the Spanish Civil War, the Spanish Flu pandemic, and more recently, COVID-19 in 2020. Despite the various pandemics, wars, and family losses she has endured, her longevity has made scientists question what her secret could be. “We know Maria’s chronological age, 116 years, but we must determine her biological age,” Esteller said to ABC, believing that “she is much younger” physically. The scientist has taken biological samples of saliva, blood, and urine from Ms. Branyas, which are thought to be the “longest-lived” biological samples and have great scientific value, Josep Carreras, the head of a leukemia research institute, said to ABC. The samples will be compared with the 116-year-old’s middle daughter, who is 79 years old. Ms. Branyas often has been asked what her secret is to her long life, and she uses her X account to post her advice for others. She attributed her longevity to “order, tranquillity, good connection with family and friends, contact with nature, emotional stability, no worries, no regrets, lots of positivity, and staying away from toxic people”. However, she also credits a great amount of luck. “It is clear that there is a genetic component because there are several members of her family who are over 90 years old,” said Esteller. The rare biological samples will assess her genes, which will hopefully advance the research of drugs that could help diseases associated with age and cancer. As for Ms. Branyas, she said on her X account that she is “very happy she can be useful for research and progress”. (Available in: https://www.independent.co.uk/extras/lifestyle/maria-branyas-oldest-person-alive-spain-b2436228.html – text especially adapted for this test).

Scientists study the world’s oldest person After being bewildered by the “super grandmother’s” great health at 116 years old, scientists are studying Maria Branyas, the world’s oldest person, in an attempt to unearth the secret to a long life. Mr. Branyas was born __ San Francisco __ 1907, and __ the age of eight, she moved __ Catalonia, Spain, where her family was originally from. Ms. Branyas, known to her X followers as the “Super Catalan Grandma”, has lived in the region ever since and has resided in the same nursing home, Residència Santa María del Tura, for the last 22 years. She has agreed to undergo scientific testing, which researchers hope will further their understanding of certain illnesses associated with old age, such as neurodegenerative or cardiovascular diseases. Despite her age, Ms. Branyas has no health complications other than mobility issues and hearing (she suffered permanent hearing loss when she was a child). She also still has a great memory: “She has a completely lucid head,” scientist Manel Esteller told ABC, a Spanish outlet. “She remembers with impressive clarity episodes of her when she was only four years old, and she does not present any cardiovascular disease, common in elderly people.” Esteller, who studies genetics and how it applies to health conditions, became curious about how Ms. Branyas’ genetic makeup might affect her aging. After a long talk with Ms. Branyas, Mr. Esteller believes there must be more to her longevity than meets the eye. The remarkable woman has not had an easy life; she survived an earthquake while she was in the US, a major fire, both world wars, the Spanish Civil War, the Spanish Flu pandemic, and more recently, COVID-19 in 2020. Despite the various pandemics, wars, and family losses she has endured, her longevity has made scientists question what her secret could be. “We know Maria’s chronological age, 116 years, but we must determine her biological age,” Esteller said to ABC, believing that “she is much younger” physically. The scientist has taken biological samples of saliva, blood, and urine from Ms. Branyas, which are thought to be the “longest-lived” biological samples and have great scientific value, Josep Carreras, the head of a leukemia research institute, said to ABC. The samples will be compared with the 116-year-old’s middle daughter, who is 79 years old. Ms. Branyas often has been asked what her secret is to her long life, and she uses her X account to post her advice for others. She attributed her longevity to “order, tranquillity, good connection with family and friends, contact with nature, emotional stability, no worries, no regrets, lots of positivity, and staying away from toxic people”. However, she also credits a great amount of luck. “It is clear that there is a genetic component because there are several members of her family who are over 90 years old,” said Esteller. The rare biological samples will assess her genes, which will hopefully advance the research of drugs that could help diseases associated with age and cancer. As for Ms. Branyas, she said on her X account that she is “very happy she can be useful for research and progress”. (Available in: https://www.independent.co.uk/extras/lifestyle/maria-branyas-oldest-person-alive-spain-b2436228.html – text especially adapted for this test).

Scientists study the world’s oldest person After being bewildered by the “super grandmother’s” great health at 116 years old, scientists are studying Maria Branyas, the world’s oldest person, in an attempt to unearth the secret to a long life. Mr. Branyas was born __ San Francisco __ 1907, and __ the age of eight, she moved __ Catalonia, Spain, where her family was originally from. Ms. Branyas, known to her X followers as the “Super Catalan Grandma”, has lived in the region ever since and has resided in the same nursing home, Residència Santa María del Tura, for the last 22 years. She has agreed to undergo scientific testing, which researchers hope will further their understanding of certain illnesses associated with old age, such as neurodegenerative or cardiovascular diseases. Despite her age, Ms. Branyas has no health complications other than mobility issues and hearing (she suffered permanent hearing loss when she was a child). She also still has a great memory: “She has a completely lucid head,” scientist Manel Esteller told ABC, a Spanish outlet. “She remembers with impressive clarity episodes of her when she was only four years old, and she does not present any cardiovascular disease, common in elderly people.” Esteller, who studies genetics and how it applies to health conditions, became curious about how Ms. Branyas’ genetic makeup might affect her aging. After a long talk with Ms. Branyas, Mr. Esteller believes there must be more to her longevity than meets the eye. The remarkable woman has not had an easy life; she survived an earthquake while she was in the US, a major fire, both world wars, the Spanish Civil War, the Spanish Flu pandemic, and more recently, COVID-19 in 2020. Despite the various pandemics, wars, and family losses she has endured, her longevity has made scientists question what her secret could be. “We know Maria’s chronological age, 116 years, but we must determine her biological age,” Esteller said to ABC, believing that “she is much younger” physically. The scientist has taken biological samples of saliva, blood, and urine from Ms. Branyas, which are thought to be the “longest-lived” biological samples and have great scientific value, Josep Carreras, the head of a leukemia research institute, said to ABC. The samples will be compared with the 116-year-old’s middle daughter, who is 79 years old. Ms. Branyas often has been asked what her secret is to her long life, and she uses her X account to post her advice for others. She attributed her longevity to “order, tranquillity, good connection with family and friends, contact with nature, emotional stability, no worries, no regrets, lots of positivity, and staying away from toxic people”. However, she also credits a great amount of luck. “It is clear that there is a genetic component because there are several members of her family who are over 90 years old,” said Esteller. The rare biological samples will assess her genes, which will hopefully advance the research of drugs that could help diseases associated with age and cancer. As for Ms. Branyas, she said on her X account that she is “very happy she can be useful for research and progress”. (Available in: https://www.independent.co.uk/extras/lifestyle/maria-branyas-oldest-person-alive-spain-b2436228.html – text especially adapted for this test).

“English is the global language.” — a headline of this kind must have appeared in a thousand newspapers and magazines in recent years. “English Rules” is an actual example, presenting to the world an uncomplicated scenario suggesting the universality of the language’s spread and the likelihood of its continuation. A statement prominently displayed in the body of the associated article, memorable chiefly for its alliterative ingenuity, reinforces the initial impression: “The British Empire may be in full retreat with the handover of Hong Kong. But from Bengal to Belize and Las Vegas to Lahore, the language of the sceptered isle is rapidly becoming the first global lingua franca.” Millennial retrospectives and prognostications continued in the same vein, with several major newspapers and magazines finding in the subject of the English language an apt symbol for the themes of globalization, diversification, progress and identity addressed in their special editions.
A language achieves a genuinely global status when it develops a special role that is recognized in every country. To achieve such a status, a language has to be taken up by other countries around the world. They must decide to give it a special place within their communities, even though they may have few (or no) mother-tongue speakers.
Salman Rushdie comments that “the English language ceased to be the sole possession of the English some time ago”. Indeed, when even the largest English-speaking nation, the USA, turns out to have only about 20 percent of the world’s English speakers, it is plain that no one can now claim sole ownership. This is probably the best way of defining a genuinely global language, in fact: that its usage is not restricted by countries or by governing bodies.

David Crystal. English as a global language .
Cambridge University Press, 2003. pp. 1-2;4;140-141 (adapted).

Judge the following items according to the text above.

Com base no Currículo de Pernambuco, julgue os itens que se seguem.

Language teachers, like other teachers, had to quickly rethink priorities and means of delivery in response to the Covid-19 pandemic as well as measures to manage the pandemic. It isn’t surprising then that some of the findings in our 2021 survey relate to the pandemic.
Language teaching was suspended by local education boards at one in five primary schools in January 2021 due to Covid-19, and the impact has been felt more acutely in deprived areas. Teachers in state secondary schools report that two in five pupils in Key Stage 3 (lower secondary) did not engage with language learning during the first national lockdown, leading to time lost to language learning for a lot of pupils.
Dr Ian Collen said that “the most disadvantaged pupils are most likely to have been negatively affected by the impact of Covid-19, experiencing greater disruption to their language learning and fewer international opportunities. Looking to the future, schools should consider giving more curriculum time to languages, as well as more opportunities to use languages in real life, such as visits abroad.”
Many teachers reported that they cannot wait to get back to face-to-face teaching in the classroom. Despite the barriers they have faced over the past year, it is encouraging to see how they pivoted to remote learning during the national lockdowns.

Internet: (adapted).

Based on the previous text, judge the following items.

Language teachers, like other teachers, had to quickly rethink priorities and means of delivery in response to the Covid-19 pandemic as well as measures to manage the pandemic. It isn’t surprising then that some of the findings in our 2021 survey relate to the pandemic.
Language teaching was suspended by local education boards at one in five primary schools in January 2021 due to Covid-19, and the impact has been felt more acutely in deprived areas. Teachers in state secondary schools report that two in five pupils in Key Stage 3 (lower secondary) did not engage with language learning during the first national lockdown, leading to time lost to language learning for a lot of pupils.
Dr Ian Collen said that “the most disadvantaged pupils are most likely to have been negatively affected by the impact of Covid-19, experiencing greater disruption to their language learning and fewer international opportunities. Looking to the future, schools should consider giving more curriculum time to languages, as well as more opportunities to use languages in real life, such as visits abroad.”
Many teachers reported that they cannot wait to get back to face-to-face teaching in the classroom. Despite the barriers they have faced over the past year, it is encouraging to see how they pivoted to remote learning during the national lockdowns.

Internet: (adapted).

Based on the previous text, judge the following items.

Com relação às competências e habilidades apresentadas no Currículo de Pernambuco para o componente curricular língua inglesa e para a área de linguagens e suas tecnologias, julgue os itens que se seguem.

“English is the global language.” — a headline of this kind must have appeared in a thousand newspapers and magazines in recent years. “English Rules” is an actual example, presenting to the world an uncomplicated scenario suggesting the universality of the language’s spread and the likelihood of its continuation. A statement prominently displayed in the body of the associated article, memorable chiefly for its alliterative ingenuity, reinforces the initial impression: “The British Empire may be in full retreat with the handover of Hong Kong. But from Bengal to Belize and Las Vegas to Lahore, the language of the sceptered isle is rapidly becoming the first global lingua franca.” Millennial retrospectives and prognostications continued in the same vein, with several major newspapers and magazines finding in the subject of the English language an apt symbol for the themes of globalization, diversification, progress and identity addressed in their special editions.
A language achieves a genuinely global status when it develops a special role that is recognized in every country. To achieve such a status, a language has to be taken up by other countries around the world. They must decide to give it a special place within their communities, even though they may have few (or no) mother-tongue speakers.
Salman Rushdie comments that “the English language ceased to be the sole possession of the English some time ago”. Indeed, when even the largest English-speaking nation, the USA, turns out to have only about 20 percent of the world’s English speakers, it is plain that no one can now claim sole ownership. This is probably the best way of defining a genuinely global language, in fact: that its usage is not restricted by countries or by governing bodies.

David Crystal. English as a global language .
Cambridge University Press, 2003. pp. 1-2;4;140-141 (adapted).

Judge the following items according to the text above.

Atenção: As questões de números 37 a 46 referem-se à Metodologia
de Ensino de Inglês.