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Texto associado
Read the text to answer question. Robots are writing more of what we read on the internet. And artificial intelligence (AI) writing tools are becoming freely available for anyone, including students, to use. In a period of rapid change, there are enormous ethical implications for post-human authorship — in which humans and machines collaborate. The study of AI ethics needs to be central to education as we increasingly use machinegenerated content to communicate with others. AI robot writers, such as GPT-3 (Generative Pre-trained Transformer) take seconds to create text that seems like it was written by humans. In September, 2020 GPT-3 wrote an entire essay in The Guardian to convince people not to fear artificial intelligence. As recently as 2019, this kind of technology seemed a long way off. But today, it is readily available. Of course, there’s the issue of cheating on essays and other assignments. School and university leaders need to have difficult conversations about what constitutes “authorship” and “editorship” in the post-human age. We are all (already) writing with technological devices, even just via spelling and grammar checkers. (https://theconversation.com. Adaptado)

According to the first and second paragraphs,

A AI produced content is now available to all at no cost.
B robots are becoming the substitutes to internet writers.
C because we use AI produced content, we need information on ethics.
D most of what we read on the internet has been created by AI.
E we consume more and more AI produced content, online or offline.
Texto associado
Read the text to answer question. Robots are writing more of what we read on the internet. And artificial intelligence (AI) writing tools are becoming freely available for anyone, including students, to use. In a period of rapid change, there are enormous ethical implications for post-human authorship — in which humans and machines collaborate. The study of AI ethics needs to be central to education as we increasingly use machinegenerated content to communicate with others. AI robot writers, such as GPT-3 (Generative Pre-trained Transformer) take seconds to create text that seems like it was written by humans. In September, 2020 GPT-3 wrote an entire essay in The Guardian to convince people not to fear artificial intelligence. As recently as 2019, this kind of technology seemed a long way off. But today, it is readily available. Of course, there’s the issue of cheating on essays and other assignments. School and university leaders need to have difficult conversations about what constitutes “authorship” and “editorship” in the post-human age. We are all (already) writing with technological devices, even just via spelling and grammar checkers. (https://theconversation.com. Adaptado)

As far as formal teaching and learning are concerned, it is correct to state from the reading of the text:

A AI is a reality in most classrooms, and learning tasks must inevitably incorporate it to help learning in technological times.
B AI has become increasingly relevant for students since it helps produce texts by offering content as well as language information.
C AI must be only gradually introduced in schools, considering it is very recent technology and teachers and students are uncertain about it.
D AI should be used as largely in the classroom as other technologies have for some time now.
E a new parameter for “authorship” or “editorship” must be a topic of discussion among education leaders in the present AI era.
Texto associado
Read the text to answer question. Robots are writing more of what we read on the internet. And artificial intelligence (AI) writing tools are becoming freely available for anyone, including students, to use. In a period of rapid change, there are enormous ethical implications for post-human authorship — in which humans and machines collaborate. The study of AI ethics needs to be central to education as we increasingly use machinegenerated content to communicate with others. AI robot writers, such as GPT-3 (Generative Pre-trained Transformer) take seconds to create text that seems like it was written by humans. In September, 2020 GPT-3 wrote an entire essay in The Guardian to convince people not to fear artificial intelligence. As recently as 2019, this kind of technology seemed a long way off. But today, it is readily available. Of course, there’s the issue of cheating on essays and other assignments. School and university leaders need to have difficult conversations about what constitutes “authorship” and “editorship” in the post-human age. We are all (already) writing with technological devices, even just via spelling and grammar checkers. (https://theconversation.com. Adaptado)

As questões levantadas no texto sobre o uso de IA em ambientes educacionais podem mais diretamente trazer preocupações aos professores quando atendendo ao seguinte aspecto discriminado no Currículo Paulista:

A “... foco na compreensão (ou escuta) e na produção oral (ou fala)”.
B “Conhecimentos linguísticos: consolidam-se pelas práticas de uso, análise e reflexão sobre a língua...”.
C “Trata-se, portanto, de uma escrita autoral, que se inicia com textos que utilizam poucos recursos verbais... e se desenvolve para textos mais elaborados”.
D “Quem define o que é o ‘correto’ na língua? Quem estaria incluído nesses usos da linguagem? Quem estaria silenciado?”.
E “Identificar o lugar de si e o do outro em um mundo plurilíngue e multicultural”.
Texto associado
Read the text to answer question. Robots are writing more of what we read on the internet. And artificial intelligence (AI) writing tools are becoming freely available for anyone, including students, to use. In a period of rapid change, there are enormous ethical implications for post-human authorship — in which humans and machines collaborate. The study of AI ethics needs to be central to education as we increasingly use machinegenerated content to communicate with others. AI robot writers, such as GPT-3 (Generative Pre-trained Transformer) take seconds to create text that seems like it was written by humans. In September, 2020 GPT-3 wrote an entire essay in The Guardian to convince people not to fear artificial intelligence. As recently as 2019, this kind of technology seemed a long way off. But today, it is readily available. Of course, there’s the issue of cheating on essays and other assignments. School and university leaders need to have difficult conversations about what constitutes “authorship” and “editorship” in the post-human age. We are all (already) writing with technological devices, even just via spelling and grammar checkers. (https://theconversation.com. Adaptado)

In the sentence from the second paragraph “In a period of rapid change, there are enormous ethical implications for post-human authorship — in which humans and machines collaborate ”, the fragment in bold intends to

A argument.
B explain.
C exemplify.
D justify.
E persuade.
Texto associado
Read the text to answer question. The last century of language teaching history, operating within this theory-practice, researcher teacher dichotomy, has not been completely devoid of dialogue between the two sides. We moved in and out of paradigms (Kuhn, 1970) as inadequacies of the old ways of doing things were replaced by better ways. These trends in language teaching were partly the result of teachers and researchers communicating with each other. The custom of leaving theory to researchers and practice to teachers has become, in Clarke’s (1994) words, “dysfunctional”. What is becoming clearer in this profession now is the importance of viewing the process of language instruction as a cooperative dialog among many technicians, each endowed with special skills, such as program developing, textbook writing, measuring variables of acquisition, designing experiments, and the list goes on. We are all practitioners and we are all theorists. Whenever that understanding calls for putting together diverse bits and pieces of knowledge, you are doing some theory building. Or, if you have observed some learners in classrooms and you discern common threads of process among them, you have created a theory. And whenever you, in the role of a teacher, ask pertinent questions about Second Language Acquisition (SLA), you are beginning the process of research that can lead to a theoretical statement. (Brown, H.D. 2006. Adaptado)

The first paragraph of the text mentions theory and practice in SLA as

A some cycles.
B a paradigm.
C an interplay.
D an opposition.
E a trend.
Texto associado
Read the text to answer question. The last century of language teaching history, operating within this theory-practice, researcher teacher dichotomy, has not been completely devoid of dialogue between the two sides. We moved in and out of paradigms (Kuhn, 1970) as inadequacies of the old ways of doing things were replaced by better ways. These trends in language teaching were partly the result of teachers and researchers communicating with each other. The custom of leaving theory to researchers and practice to teachers has become, in Clarke’s (1994) words, “dysfunctional”. What is becoming clearer in this profession now is the importance of viewing the process of language instruction as a cooperative dialog among many technicians, each endowed with special skills, such as program developing, textbook writing, measuring variables of acquisition, designing experiments, and the list goes on. We are all practitioners and we are all theorists. Whenever that understanding calls for putting together diverse bits and pieces of knowledge, you are doing some theory building. Or, if you have observed some learners in classrooms and you discern common threads of process among them, you have created a theory. And whenever you, in the role of a teacher, ask pertinent questions about Second Language Acquisition (SLA), you are beginning the process of research that can lead to a theoretical statement. (Brown, H.D. 2006. Adaptado)

The second paragraph introduces the figure of the technician, placing them as

A the substitutes for both, teachers and researchers.
B skilled professionals who can perform different tasks.
C the recipients for researchers’ findings.
D support professionals for researchers and teachers.
E professionals unrelated to either researchers or teachers.

A noun phrase is a group of words that functions like a noun in a sentence. It consists of a noun and its modifiers, which can be words or groups of words that describe the noun. Adjective clauses and adjective phrases may modify the noun and help readers by providing more information about nouns and pronouns in a sentence. In the following alternatives, the expression in bold that corresponds to an adjective clause is found in

A The people waiting for the bus in the rain are getting wet and nervous.
B The gentleman standing by the door is waiting for the doctor to call him.
C His long-lost history book was found on the top shelf.
D The librarian whose contract expired has been trying to find a new job.
E The book by Mark Twain has been republished and is a success!

No Currículo Paulista encontramos o que segue: Esse Currículo tem como referência a Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC), além das Competências Específicas da Área de Linguagens, definidas para o Estado de São Paulo. Privilegia uma nova visão para o aprendizado da Língua Inglesa, pois adota o conceito de língua franca, priorizando a função social e política da língua inglesa. (SÃO PAULO [Estado]. Secretaria da Educação. Currículo Paulista . São Paulo: SEDUC, 2019) A adoção da perspectiva do ensino de inglês como “língua franca” nas escolas brasileiras significa, concretamente,

A aceitar a produção escrita ou oral inadequada em tarefas dos aprendizes.
B aceitar que não há mais um padrão único de inglês correto a ser ensinado na sala de aula.
C relevar inadequações no uso da língua por parte dos aprendizes, desde que haja comunicação.
D ensinar preferencialmente a língua inglesa usada por falantes não nativos ao redor do mundo.
E selecionar as variedades do inglês mais próximas da realidade do estudante em seu mundo cultural (músicas, livros, blogs e podcasts).
Texto associado
Read the text by Brown to answer question. The question of whether or not to distinguish between native and nonnative speakers in the teaching profession has grown into a common and productive topic of research in the last decade. For many decades the English language teaching profession assumed that native English-speaking teachers, by virtue of their superior model of oral production, comprised the ideal English language teacher. Then, Medgyes (1994), among others, showed in his research that nonnative English speaking teachers offered as many if not more inherent advantages. Other authors concur by noting not only that multiple varieties of English are now considered legitimate and acceptable, but also that teachers who have actually gone through the process of learning English possess distinct advantages over native speakers. As we move into a new paradigm in which the concepts of native and nonnative “speaker” become less relevant, it is perhaps more appropriate to think in terms of the proficiency level of a user of a language. Speaking is one of four skills and may not deserve in all contexts to be elevated to the sole criterion for proficiency. So, the profession is better served by considering a person’s communicative proficiency across the four skills. Teachers of any language, regardless of their own variety of English, can then be judged accordingly, and in turn, their pedagogical training and experience can occupy focal attention. (Brown, 2006. Adaptado)

The suffix -ed that forms the past and past participle of regular verbs has 3 possible pronunciations: /t/, /d/, /id/. In the examples taken from the text, the verb whose pronunciation in the past ends in /t/ is

A distinguish.
B offer.
C elevate.
D assume.
E judge.
Texto associado
Read the text by Brown to answer question. The question of whether or not to distinguish between native and nonnative speakers in the teaching profession has grown into a common and productive topic of research in the last decade. For many decades the English language teaching profession assumed that native English-speaking teachers, by virtue of their superior model of oral production, comprised the ideal English language teacher. Then, Medgyes (1994), among others, showed in his research that nonnative English speaking teachers offered as many if not more inherent advantages. Other authors concur by noting not only that multiple varieties of English are now considered legitimate and acceptable, but also that teachers who have actually gone through the process of learning English possess distinct advantages over native speakers. As we move into a new paradigm in which the concepts of native and nonnative “speaker” become less relevant, it is perhaps more appropriate to think in terms of the proficiency level of a user of a language. Speaking is one of four skills and may not deserve in all contexts to be elevated to the sole criterion for proficiency. So, the profession is better served by considering a person’s communicative proficiency across the four skills. Teachers of any language, regardless of their own variety of English, can then be judged accordingly, and in turn, their pedagogical training and experience can occupy focal attention. (Brown, 2006. Adaptado)

In the fragment from the text’s final sentence “Teachers of any language, regardless of their own variety of English, can then be judged accordingly”, the terms in bold can be replaced, without meaning change, by

A in conformity with.
B in spite of.
C because of.
D in view of.
E depending on.