Questões para Concursos

Leia o trecho de A hora da estrela, de Clarice Lispector, para responder à questão De dia usava saia e blusa, de noite dormia de combinação. Uma colega de quarto não sabia como avisar-lhe que seu cheiro era murrinhento. E como não sabia, ficou por isso mesmo, pois tinha medo de ofendê-la. Nada nela era iridescente1 , embora a pele do rosto entre as manchas tivesse um leve brilho de opala. Mas não importava. Ninguém olhava para ela na rua, ela era café frio. E assim se passava o tempo para a moça esta. Assoava o nariz na barra da combinação. Não tinha aquela coisa delicada que se chama encanto. Só eu a vejo encantadora. Só eu, seu autor, a amo. Sofro por ela. E só eu é que posso dizer assim: “que é que você me pede chorando que eu não lhe dê cantando”? Essa moça não sabia que ela era o que era, assim como um cachorro não sabe que é cachorro. Daí não se sentir infeliz. A única coisa que queria era viver. Não sabia para quê, não se indagava. Quem sabe, achava que havia uma gloriazinha em viver. Ela pensava que a pessoa é obrigada a ser feliz. Então era. Antes de nascer ela era uma ideia? Antes de nascer ela era morta? E depois de nascer ela ia morrer? Mas que fina talhada de melancia. (A hora da estrela, 1998.) 1 iridescente: colorido como o arco-íris.

Leia o trecho de A hora da estrela, de Clarice Lispector, para responder à questão De dia usava saia e blusa, de noite dormia de combinação. Uma colega de quarto não sabia como avisar-lhe que seu cheiro era murrinhento. E como não sabia, ficou por isso mesmo, pois tinha medo de ofendê-la. Nada nela era iridescente1 , embora a pele do rosto entre as manchas tivesse um leve brilho de opala. Mas não importava. Ninguém olhava para ela na rua, ela era café frio. E assim se passava o tempo para a moça esta. Assoava o nariz na barra da combinação. Não tinha aquela coisa delicada que se chama encanto. Só eu a vejo encantadora. Só eu, seu autor, a amo. Sofro por ela. E só eu é que posso dizer assim: “que é que você me pede chorando que eu não lhe dê cantando”? Essa moça não sabia que ela era o que era, assim como um cachorro não sabe que é cachorro. Daí não se sentir infeliz. A única coisa que queria era viver. Não sabia para quê, não se indagava. Quem sabe, achava que havia uma gloriazinha em viver. Ela pensava que a pessoa é obrigada a ser feliz. Então era. Antes de nascer ela era uma ideia? Antes de nascer ela era morta? E depois de nascer ela ia morrer? Mas que fina talhada de melancia. (A hora da estrela, 1998.) 1 iridescente: colorido como o arco-íris.

Leia o texto de João Vicente Ganzarolli de Oliveira para responder à questão No sentido amplo, a arte é uma atividade produtora, responsável pela criação de seres que, sem a intervenção humana, não existiriam. Entendendo dessa forma, são frutos da arte tanto um moteto1 de Palestrina quanto um automóvel; uma ferramenta pré-histórica e um computador. Como a arte, também a natureza é geradora. Nelas temos duas fontes de existência das criaturas; ambas insurgem- -se contra o nada. Como diz Étienne Gilson, “A missão do artista é enriquecer o mundo com novos seres. O artista sente um impulso irresistível de violentar o nada”. (A humanização da arte, 2006. Adaptado.) 1 moteto: tipo de composição musical medieval.

Leia o texto de João Vicente Ganzarolli de Oliveira para responder à questão No sentido amplo, a arte é uma atividade produtora, responsável pela criação de seres que, sem a intervenção humana, não existiriam. Entendendo dessa forma, são frutos da arte tanto um moteto1 de Palestrina quanto um automóvel; uma ferramenta pré-histórica e um computador. Como a arte, também a natureza é geradora. Nelas temos duas fontes de existência das criaturas; ambas insurgem- -se contra o nada. Como diz Étienne Gilson, “A missão do artista é enriquecer o mundo com novos seres. O artista sente um impulso irresistível de violentar o nada”. (A humanização da arte, 2006. Adaptado.) 1 moteto: tipo de composição musical medieval.

Wood wide web: trees’ social networks are mapped Research has shown that beneath every forest and wood there is a complex underground web of roots, fungi and bacteria helping to connect trees and plants to one another. This subterranean social network, nearly 500 million years old, has become known as the “wood wide web”. Now, an international study has produced the first global map of the “mycorrhizal fungi networks” dominating this secretive world. Using machine-learning, researchers from the Crowther Lab at ETH Zurich, Switzerland, and Stanford University in the US used the database of the Global Forest Initiative, which covers 1.2 million forest tree plots with 28,000 species, from more than 70 countries. Using millions of direct observations of trees and their symbiotic associations on the ground, the researchers could build models from the bottom up to visualise these fungal networks for the first time. Prof Thomas Crowther, one of the authors of the report, told the BBC, “It’s the first time that we’ve been able to understand the world beneath our feet, but at a global scale.” The research reveals how important mycorrhizal networks are to limiting climate change — and how vulnerable they are to the effects of it. “Just like an Magnetic Resonance Imaging scan of the brain helps us to understand how the brain works, this global map of the fungi beneath the soil helps us to understand how global ecosystems work,” said Prof Crowther. “What we find is that certain types of microorganisms live in certain parts of the world, and by understanding that we can figure out how to restore different types of ecosystems and also how the climate is changing.” Losing chunks of the wood wide web could well increase “the feedback loop of warming temperatures and carbon emissions.” Mycorrhizal fungi are those that form a symbiotic relationship with plants. There are two main groups of mycorrhizal fungi: arbuscular fungi (AM) that penetrate the host’s roots, and ectomycorrhizal fungi (EM) which surround the tree’s roots without penetrating them. (Claire Marshall. www.bbc.com, 15.05.2019. Adaptado.)

Wood wide web: trees’ social networks are mapped Research has shown that beneath every forest and wood there is a complex underground web of roots, fungi and bacteria helping to connect trees and plants to one another. This subterranean social network, nearly 500 million years old, has become known as the “wood wide web”. Now, an international study has produced the first global map of the “mycorrhizal fungi networks” dominating this secretive world. Using machine-learning, researchers from the Crowther Lab at ETH Zurich, Switzerland, and Stanford University in the US used the database of the Global Forest Initiative, which covers 1.2 million forest tree plots with 28,000 species, from more than 70 countries. Using millions of direct observations of trees and their symbiotic associations on the ground, the researchers could build models from the bottom up to visualise these fungal networks for the first time. Prof Thomas Crowther, one of the authors of the report, told the BBC, “It’s the first time that we’ve been able to understand the world beneath our feet, but at a global scale.” The research reveals how important mycorrhizal networks are to limiting climate change — and how vulnerable they are to the effects of it. “Just like an Magnetic Resonance Imaging scan of the brain helps us to understand how the brain works, this global map of the fungi beneath the soil helps us to understand how global ecosystems work,” said Prof Crowther. “What we find is that certain types of microorganisms live in certain parts of the world, and by understanding that we can figure out how to restore different types of ecosystems and also how the climate is changing.” Losing chunks of the wood wide web could well increase “the feedback loop of warming temperatures and carbon emissions.” Mycorrhizal fungi are those that form a symbiotic relationship with plants. There are two main groups of mycorrhizal fungi: arbuscular fungi (AM) that penetrate the host’s roots, and ectomycorrhizal fungi (EM) which surround the tree’s roots without penetrating them. (Claire Marshall. www.bbc.com, 15.05.2019. Adaptado.)

Wood wide web: trees’ social networks are mapped Research has shown that beneath every forest and wood there is a complex underground web of roots, fungi and bacteria helping to connect trees and plants to one another. This subterranean social network, nearly 500 million years old, has become known as the “wood wide web”. Now, an international study has produced the first global map of the “mycorrhizal fungi networks” dominating this secretive world. Using machine-learning, researchers from the Crowther Lab at ETH Zurich, Switzerland, and Stanford University in the US used the database of the Global Forest Initiative, which covers 1.2 million forest tree plots with 28,000 species, from more than 70 countries. Using millions of direct observations of trees and their symbiotic associations on the ground, the researchers could build models from the bottom up to visualise these fungal networks for the first time. Prof Thomas Crowther, one of the authors of the report, told the BBC, “It’s the first time that we’ve been able to understand the world beneath our feet, but at a global scale.” The research reveals how important mycorrhizal networks are to limiting climate change — and how vulnerable they are to the effects of it. “Just like an Magnetic Resonance Imaging scan of the brain helps us to understand how the brain works, this global map of the fungi beneath the soil helps us to understand how global ecosystems work,” said Prof Crowther. “What we find is that certain types of microorganisms live in certain parts of the world, and by understanding that we can figure out how to restore different types of ecosystems and also how the climate is changing.” Losing chunks of the wood wide web could well increase “the feedback loop of warming temperatures and carbon emissions.” Mycorrhizal fungi are those that form a symbiotic relationship with plants. There are two main groups of mycorrhizal fungi: arbuscular fungi (AM) that penetrate the host’s roots, and ectomycorrhizal fungi (EM) which surround the tree’s roots without penetrating them. (Claire Marshall. www.bbc.com, 15.05.2019. Adaptado.)

Wood wide web: trees’ social networks are mapped Research has shown that beneath every forest and wood there is a complex underground web of roots, fungi and bacteria helping to connect trees and plants to one another. This subterranean social network, nearly 500 million years old, has become known as the “wood wide web”. Now, an international study has produced the first global map of the “mycorrhizal fungi networks” dominating this secretive world. Using machine-learning, researchers from the Crowther Lab at ETH Zurich, Switzerland, and Stanford University in the US used the database of the Global Forest Initiative, which covers 1.2 million forest tree plots with 28,000 species, from more than 70 countries. Using millions of direct observations of trees and their symbiotic associations on the ground, the researchers could build models from the bottom up to visualise these fungal networks for the first time. Prof Thomas Crowther, one of the authors of the report, told the BBC, “It’s the first time that we’ve been able to understand the world beneath our feet, but at a global scale.” The research reveals how important mycorrhizal networks are to limiting climate change — and how vulnerable they are to the effects of it. “Just like an Magnetic Resonance Imaging scan of the brain helps us to understand how the brain works, this global map of the fungi beneath the soil helps us to understand how global ecosystems work,” said Prof Crowther. “What we find is that certain types of microorganisms live in certain parts of the world, and by understanding that we can figure out how to restore different types of ecosystems and also how the climate is changing.” Losing chunks of the wood wide web could well increase “the feedback loop of warming temperatures and carbon emissions.” Mycorrhizal fungi are those that form a symbiotic relationship with plants. There are two main groups of mycorrhizal fungi: arbuscular fungi (AM) that penetrate the host’s roots, and ectomycorrhizal fungi (EM) which surround the tree’s roots without penetrating them. (Claire Marshall. www.bbc.com, 15.05.2019. Adaptado.)