Questões para Concursos

Read the following
article
and answer questions 56 to 60.

Dr. Dweck’s
research into
growth mindset

changed education
forever

Over 30 years ago,
Carol Dweck and her colleagues became
interested in students' attitudes about
failure. They noticed that some students
rebounded while other students seemed
devastated by even the smallest setbacks.
After studying the behavior of thousands of
children, Dr. Dweck coined the terms fixed
mindset and growth mindset to describe the
underlying beliefs people have about
learning and intelligence. When students
believe they can get smarter, they
understand that effort makes them stronger.
Therefore they put in extra time and effort,
and that leads to higher achievement.

Recent
advances in neuroscience have shown us that
the brain is far more malleable than we ever
knew. Research on brain plasticity has shown
how connectivity between neurons can change
with experience. With practice, neural
networks grow new connections, strengthen
existing ones, and build insulation that
speeds transmission of impulses. These
neuroscientific discoveries have shown us
that we can increase our neural growth by
the actions we take, such as using good
strategies, asking questions, practicing,
and following good nutrition and sleep
habits.

[…]
So the
researchers asked, “Can we change
mindsets? And if so, how?” This began a
series of interventions and studies that
prove we can indeed change a person’s
mindset from fixed to growth, and when we
do, it leads to increased motivation and
achievement. For example, 7th graders who
were taught that intelligence is malleable
and shown how the brain grows with effort
showed a clear increase in math
grades.
In
addition to teaching kids about malleable
intelligence, researchers started noticing
that teacher practice has a big impact on
student mindset, and the feedback that
teachers give their students can either
encourage a child to choose a challenge and
increase achievement or look for an easy way
out. For example, studies on different kinds
of praise have shown that telling children
they are smart encourages a fixed mindset,
whereas praising hard work and effort
cultivates a growth mindset. When students
have a growth mindset, they take on
challenges and learn from them, therefore
increasing their abilities and achievement.
[…]

Source:
https://www.mindsetworks.com/science/.Access
:02/12/2019)