Questões para Concursos

TEXT III- Questions 27 to 36

Five ways to get a better bedtime routine by

Amy Sedghi

Getting to sleep can be a struggle , but blackout
blinds and to-do lists can help – as can reserving
the bedroom for sex and shut-eye


An eye mask will block out light.

1. Go to bed at regular times

Going to sleep and waking up at regular times –
even on weekends – will strengthen your body
clock, says Dr Lizzie Hill, a clinical sleep
physiologist and a spokeswoman for the British
Sleep Society. Regular mealtimes are also an
important cue for your circadian rhythm. Avoid
exercise too close to bedtime, as it can cause
restlessness and an elevated body temperature,
says Samantha Briscoe, a senior physiologist at
the Sleep Centre at London Bridge hospital.

2. Protect the bedroom

Preserve the bedroom as a place for sleep (and
sex): there is evidence that the brain forms a strong
association with sleep there. A temperature of 16-
18C (60-64F) is thought to be ideal for most,
according to the Sleep Council, an awareness and
support organisation. Blackout blinds or an eye
mask can help block out light, while keeping
electronic devices out of the bedroom is highly
recommended. If you struggle to fall asleep after
more than 25 minutes, Matthew Walker – a sleep
expert and a professor of neuroscience and
psychology at the University of California, Berkeley
– suggests getting up and going to read under a
dim light in another room. Once sleepy, you can
return to bed.

3. Get ahead on the next day

Your night-time routine is an opportunity to make
mornings run a little smoother: choose your clothes
for the next day when you reach for your pyjamas
or pack your bag while brushing your teeth. Martin
Hagger, a professor of health psychology at the
University of California, Merced, has stressed how
routines are linked to the formation of healthy
habits.

4. Wind down

Reading a book can help slow breathing and relax
muscles, while yoga stretches or even a gentle
walk can reduce anxiety, says Briscoe. A warm bath or shower can also help you relax:
researchers at the University of Texas at Austin
found that bathing in water of 40-42.5C one to two
hours before bedtime was associated with better
sleep.

5. Write down your worries

“If your mind is buzzing from the day, try keeping
a journal or worry book,” suggests Hill. The NHS
also recommends writing to-do lists for the next
day in order to organise thoughts and clear the
mind. “If you experience difficulty with sleep over
the longer term, consider whether there may be an
underlying medical condition,” says Hill. A sleep
diary could help you identify any patterns

(https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2019/oct/04/five-ways-toget-
a-better-bedtime-routine. Access: 08/01/2020)

TEXTO 1


Brasil é um dos maiores consumidores de

plástico, mas só recicla 2% do
total

Entre os entraves
para melhorar o índice estão a
falta de incentivos e de infraestrutura, além
da
baixa qualidade dos produtos reciclados

Na
última semana,
um brasileiro comum
possivelmente gerou 1 kg de lixo plástico. Um
italiano gera a mesma quantia em cinco dias e
alguém que mora na Indonésia, em dez. No
Brasil,
menos de 2% desse plástico será reciclado.

Os dados fazem parte de um estudo da WWF
lançado na noite desta segunda (4). A
organização
fez um levantamento de pesquisas relacionadas
ao plástico e elaborou um relatório que
aponta o
crescimento desse tipo de resíduo e sugere
possíveis caminhos para solucionar a questão.


Os números do plástico são enormes. Nos
oceanos há perto de 300 milhões de toneladas
(o
que equivale a cerca de 11 trilhões de
garrafas
plásticas de 500 ml). E essa estimativa não
leva
em conta o lixo terrestre. Daqui a 11 anos,
em
2030, o total de lixo plástico poderá ter
dobrado.

Em 2016, 396
milhões de toneladas de plástico
virgem foram produzidos —cerca de 53 kg por
pessoa. Parte desses produtos se tornou lixo,
especialmente nos quatro países maiores
poluentes: Estados Unidos, China, Índia e
Brasil.

Somente uma
pequena parcela desse lixo é
devidamente manejado e reciclado. Por aqui, a
reciclagem é inferior a 2%, o menor valor
entre os
líderes em produção de detritos. Nos EUA o
valor
chega a 35%; na China, 22%; na Índia, 6%.


Considerando o
mundo inteiro, cerca de 20%
do plástico é coletado para reciclagem, mas
isso
não significa que ele realmente o terá esse
destino
honroso. Segundo o estudo da WWF, na Europa,
por exemplo, menos da metade do material é
reaproveitado.

A baixa
qualidade de produtos feitos com o
material reciclado, seu baixo valor de
mercado e a
possível presença de contaminação atrapalham
a
expansão da atividade.


Um tratado
internacional pode ser o início da
solução, segundo Anna Carolina Lobo,
coordenadora da WWF-Brasil. A organização
defende um caminho semelhante ao protocolo de
Montreal. Nele, os países se comprometeram,
em
1987, à proteção da camada de ozônio a partir
da
interrupção no uso de substâncias que a
destroem
(a deterioração da camada aumenta o índice de
radiação e, consequentemente, as chances de
câncer de pele, além de agredir florestas e
prejudicar a atividade agropecuária).

Adaptado de: <
https: maiores-consumidores-
de-plastico-mas-so-recicla-2-do-
total.shtml="" brasil-e-umdos-="" 03=""
2019="" ambiente="" www1.folha.uol.com.br=""
>.
Acesso em: 19 jan. 2020

TEXT V – Questions 40 to 49.

I happily advertise the fact I breastfed – it’s

high time that brands embraced it too

by Nell Frizzell

New ads by Aldi, Adidas and Sainsbury’s all
feature breastfeeding mothers. Hopefully this will
normalize the process to help new parents feed
with ease

It may be some time yet until we see a mother
in an advert precariously balancing her
child/bag/shopping/pets before pushing a nipple
into the mouth of a howling, jam-smeared toddler.
But when they do, oh boy, are my days as a model
really going to get going.

In recent weeks, a series of adverts have
appeared from Tu at Sainsbury’s, Adidas and Aldi,
all featuring breastfeeding mothers. Some are
wearing flowery blouses and have tattoos, others
are holding a naked baby between the zips of a
sports top. Of course the women are good-looking,
of course they are slim, of course we cannot
actually see anything as erotically charged or as
morally unsettling as an areola – this is still
advertising, after all. But it is, surely, a start.

As someone who breastfed her son for 21 shirtlifting,
bra-soaking, carefree months, I am of
course pleased to see breastfeeding being held up
as something both everyday and aspirational. It is
as prosaic as a trip to the supermarket yet as
physically impressive as professional sport. It
belongs on billboards and screens as much as
beds and sofas.

There is no such thing as “normal” when it
comes to babies or bodies. But to normalize
something that, in the words of UNICEF, has a
profoundly positive impact on child health, is of
course to be celebrated. You might find yourself
whipping out a boob on a train full of football fans;
you might squirt milk across somebody else’s coat
on the bus; you might find yourself answering the
door with your full breast outside your clothes
without noticing. And if the presence of big brands
behind your bra straps encourage you to keep
feeding, then all power to your elbow. It is a shame
that this hasn’t happened sooner, but it’s better late
than never – and there’s no use crying over spilled
(breast) milk.

(Source:
https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/shortcuts/2019/oct/02/adve
rts-breastfeeding-mothers-aldi-adidas-sainsburys.Access:
08/01/2020)

TEXT V – Questions 40 to 49.

I happily advertise the fact I breastfed – it’s

high time that brands embraced it too

by Nell Frizzell

New ads by Aldi, Adidas and Sainsbury’s all
feature breastfeeding mothers. Hopefully this will
normalize the process to help new parents feed
with ease

It may be some time yet until we see a mother
in an advert precariously balancing her
child/bag/shopping/pets before pushing a nipple
into the mouth of a howling, jam-smeared toddler.
But when they do, oh boy, are my days as a model
really going to get going.

In recent weeks, a series of adverts have
appeared from Tu at Sainsbury’s, Adidas and Aldi,
all featuring breastfeeding mothers. Some are
wearing flowery blouses and have tattoos, others
are holding a naked baby between the zips of a
sports top. Of course the women are good-looking,
of course they are slim, of course we cannot
actually see anything as erotically charged or as
morally unsettling as an areola – this is still
advertising, after all. But it is, surely, a start.

As someone who breastfed her son for 21 shirtlifting,
bra-soaking, carefree months, I am of
course pleased to see breastfeeding being held up
as something both everyday and aspirational. It is
as prosaic as a trip to the supermarket yet as
physically impressive as professional sport. It
belongs on billboards and screens as much as
beds and sofas.

There is no such thing as “normal” when it
comes to babies or bodies. But to normalize
something that, in the words of UNICEF, has a
profoundly positive impact on child health, is of
course to be celebrated. You might find yourself
whipping out a boob on a train full of football fans;
you might squirt milk across somebody else’s coat
on the bus; you might find yourself answering the
door with your full breast outside your clothes
without noticing. And if the presence of big brands
behind your bra straps encourage you to keep
feeding, then all power to your elbow. It is a shame
that this hasn’t happened sooner, but it’s better late
than never – and there’s no use crying over spilled
(breast) milk.

(Source:
https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/shortcuts/2019/oct/02/adve
rts-breastfeeding-mothers-aldi-adidas-sainsburys.Access:
08/01/2020)

TEXTO 1


Brasil é um dos maiores consumidores de

plástico, mas só recicla 2% do
total

Entre os entraves
para melhorar o índice estão a
falta de incentivos e de infraestrutura, além
da
baixa qualidade dos produtos reciclados

Na
última semana,
um brasileiro comum
possivelmente gerou 1 kg de lixo plástico. Um
italiano gera a mesma quantia em cinco dias e
alguém que mora na Indonésia, em dez. No
Brasil,
menos de 2% desse plástico será reciclado.

Os dados fazem parte de um estudo da WWF
lançado na noite desta segunda (4). A
organização
fez um levantamento de pesquisas relacionadas
ao plástico e elaborou um relatório que
aponta o
crescimento desse tipo de resíduo e sugere
possíveis caminhos para solucionar a questão.


Os números do plástico são enormes. Nos
oceanos há perto de 300 milhões de toneladas
(o
que equivale a cerca de 11 trilhões de
garrafas
plásticas de 500 ml). E essa estimativa não
leva
em conta o lixo terrestre. Daqui a 11 anos,
em
2030, o total de lixo plástico poderá ter
dobrado.

Em 2016, 396
milhões de toneladas de plástico
virgem foram produzidos —cerca de 53 kg por
pessoa. Parte desses produtos se tornou lixo,
especialmente nos quatro países maiores
poluentes: Estados Unidos, China, Índia e
Brasil.

Somente uma
pequena parcela desse lixo é
devidamente manejado e reciclado. Por aqui, a
reciclagem é inferior a 2%, o menor valor
entre os
líderes em produção de detritos. Nos EUA o
valor
chega a 35%; na China, 22%; na Índia, 6%.


Considerando o
mundo inteiro, cerca de 20%
do plástico é coletado para reciclagem, mas
isso
não significa que ele realmente o terá esse
destino
honroso. Segundo o estudo da WWF, na Europa,
por exemplo, menos da metade do material é
reaproveitado.

A baixa
qualidade de produtos feitos com o
material reciclado, seu baixo valor de
mercado e a
possível presença de contaminação atrapalham
a
expansão da atividade.


Um tratado
internacional pode ser o início da
solução, segundo Anna Carolina Lobo,
coordenadora da WWF-Brasil. A organização
defende um caminho semelhante ao protocolo de
Montreal. Nele, os países se comprometeram,
em
1987, à proteção da camada de ozônio a partir
da
interrupção no uso de substâncias que a
destroem
(a deterioração da camada aumenta o índice de
radiação e, consequentemente, as chances de
câncer de pele, além de agredir florestas e
prejudicar a atividade agropecuária).

Adaptado de: <
https: maiores-consumidores-
de-plastico-mas-so-recicla-2-do-
total.shtml="" brasil-e-umdos-="" 03=""
2019="" ambiente="" www1.folha.uol.com.br=""
>.
Acesso em: 19 jan. 2020

TEXT V – Questions 40 to 49.

I happily advertise the fact I breastfed – it’s

high time that brands embraced it too

by Nell Frizzell

New ads by Aldi, Adidas and Sainsbury’s all
feature breastfeeding mothers. Hopefully this will
normalize the process to help new parents feed
with ease

It may be some time yet until we see a mother
in an advert precariously balancing her
child/bag/shopping/pets before pushing a nipple
into the mouth of a howling, jam-smeared toddler.
But when they do, oh boy, are my days as a model
really going to get going.

In recent weeks, a series of adverts have
appeared from Tu at Sainsbury’s, Adidas and Aldi,
all featuring breastfeeding mothers. Some are
wearing flowery blouses and have tattoos, others
are holding a naked baby between the zips of a
sports top. Of course the women are good-looking,
of course they are slim, of course we cannot
actually see anything as erotically charged or as
morally unsettling as an areola – this is still
advertising, after all. But it is, surely, a start.

As someone who breastfed her son for 21 shirtlifting,
bra-soaking, carefree months, I am of
course pleased to see breastfeeding being held up
as something both everyday and aspirational. It is
as prosaic as a trip to the supermarket yet as
physically impressive as professional sport. It
belongs on billboards and screens as much as
beds and sofas.

There is no such thing as “normal” when it
comes to babies or bodies. But to normalize
something that, in the words of UNICEF, has a
profoundly positive impact on child health, is of
course to be celebrated. You might find yourself
whipping out a boob on a train full of football fans;
you might squirt milk across somebody else’s coat
on the bus; you might find yourself answering the
door with your full breast outside your clothes
without noticing. And if the presence of big brands
behind your bra straps encourage you to keep
feeding, then all power to your elbow. It is a shame
that this hasn’t happened sooner, but it’s better late
than never – and there’s no use crying over spilled
(breast) milk.

(Source:
https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/shortcuts/2019/oct/02/adve
rts-breastfeeding-mothers-aldi-adidas-sainsburys.Access:
08/01/2020)

TEXT IV - Questions 37 to 39.

Sleep (slēp):

A natural state of rest, occurring at regular
intervals, in which the eyes usually close, the
muscles relax, and

responsiveness to external events decreases.
Growth and repair of the tissues of the body are
thought to occur duringsleep, and energy is
conserved and stored. In humans and some other
animals, scientists have identified one phase of
sleep (called REM sleep) as the phase in which
dreams occur.

Did You Know? Shakespeare had it right. He
said that sleep was the "balm of hurt minds" and
that sleep "knits up the ravel'd sleeve of care." In
other words, sleep helps overcome the stress of
everyday life. So the third of your life you spend
asleep is not a waste of time. All warm-blooded
animals have the need to sleep. Studies have
shown that animals that are not allowed to sleep
for a long enough time can actually die. Babies,
human and animal, sleep even more than adults
do. Researchers think that babies may sleep so
much because it helps the young body continue to
develop quickly. Not only are babies' bodies
growing, but their brains are, too – and sleep is
very important for the brain. During sleep, the brain
sorts through experiences and stores important
new information for later use. This processing of
experiences, in fact, is thought to be a major
source of dreams.

(Source: The American Heritage® Student Science Dictionary,
Second Edition. Copyright © 2014 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
Publishing Company.)