Considere o seguinte texto para responder as questões de 1 a 8.
PASSOS ANTIDEPRESSIVOS
Drauzio Varella
Desde que comecei a correr adquiri a convicção de que a atividade física é antidepressiva. Quando discutia o assunto com meus colegas, eles argumentavam, entretanto, que faltavam evidências científicas para justificar essa afirmação. Naqueles anos 1990, eles tinham toda razão.
Hoje, é correto afirmar que a depressão é um dos transtornos mentais mais prevalentes no mundo, pode acometer crianças, adolescentes e pessoas com 90 anos. Segundo a Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS), ela será a principal causa de absenteísmo no trabalho no decorrer do século 21, contanto que o estilo de vida contemporâneo seja mantido.
Essa alta prevalência motivou diversos estudiosos a avaliar o impacto da vida moderna na gênese do transtorno e de possíveis mudanças comportamentais, a fim de que se evite o estabelecimento do transtorno.
Nas últimas décadas do século passado, uma enxurrada de publicações havia demonstrado o papel da atividade física na prevenção das doenças cardiovasculares, respiratórias, câncer, diabetes, obesidade e uma infinidade de outras. Os benefícios são de tal ordem que o exercício se tornou a panaceia dos dias atuais.
Em 2020 foi publicada uma metanálise que procurou relacionar os níveis de atividade física com a emergência de quadros depressivos. Os resultados mostraram uma relação direta entre a realização de atividade física e a redução nos casos de depressão.
Em dezembro de 2024, o Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), publicou uma metanálise de um grupo espanhol que se propôs a quantificar essa relação, comparando o número de passos dados por dia com o risco de apresentar sintomas depressivos.
Pedômetros e acelerômetros disponíveis em relógios de pulso e celulares permitiram que os dados fossem colhidos com muito mais precisão do que no passado, quando se baseavam em estimativas subjetivas.
A partir da análise de mais de 10 mil estudos sobre o tema, os autores selecionaram 33 publicados no período de 2004 a 2023, em que os autores trabalharam com critérios científicos mais consistentes.
No total, foram cerca de 96 mil mulheres e homens (55% mulheres) de 18 a 91 anos de idade, de 13 países diferentes, que não tinham nem apresentado sintomas de depressão nem recebido esse diagnóstico.
De acordo com a faixa etária eles foram divididos em três subgrupos: 18 a 35 anos, 36 a 64 anos e 65 ou mais. De acordo com o número de passos diários, a divisão foi feita em quatro subgrupos: abaixo de 5 mil/dia; entre 5 mil e 7,5 mil; de 7,5 mil a 10 mil; e acima de 10 mil/dia.
Este foi o resultado: a redução dos quadros depressivos foi inversamente proporcional aos passos dados. Isto é, quanto mais passos menor o risco de depressão. Esse resultado ficou evidente em todas as faixas etárias, dos 18 aos 91 anos.
As principais conclusões foram: 1) os que deram mais de 7.500 passos/dia reduziram o risco em 42%, 2) para cada mil passos a mais acima dos 7 mil diários, o risco diminui 9%, 3) acima de 10 mil passos/dia não há benefício adicional, 4) o efeito protetor se mantém, mesmo que se pratique atividade física em níveis considerados modestos.
Qual o tipo de atividade física ideal? Embora a metanálise citada não faça referência a esse dado, evidências anteriores demonstraram que as vantagens de fazer exercícios se repetem, não importa qual seja a atividade aeróbica – andar, correr, dançar, subir escada, levantar peso, tai chi e ioga, entre outras.
No passado, a medicina e a assim chamada “sabedoria popular” aconselhavam aos mais velhos: “não se esforce, faça repouso”. Partiam do princípio de que quanto menos energia fosse dispendida com ossos e músculos, mais sobraria para o funcionamento dos órgãos internos.
As consequências desse paradigma equivocado foram graves: hipertensão arterial, diabetes, tromboses, ataques cardíacos e derrames cerebrais levavam precocemente aqueles que sobreviviam às doenças infecto-parasitárias, que devastavam a infância, e ousavam chegar aos 50 anos.
Demorou para entendermos que o corpo humano é uma máquina desenhada, pela seleção natural, para o movimento. Ao contrário de outras construídas com o mesmo objetivo, como o automóvel ou o avião, que se desgastam à medida que se movem, nosso corpo se aprimora: a musculatura fica mais forte, os ossos mais firmes, a rede de vasos sanguíneos mais eficiente e o oxigênio chega com mais facilidade ao cérebro e demais órgãos internos.
Adaptado de: https://drauziovarella.uol.com.br/artigo-do-drauzio-varella/passos-antidepressivos/. Acesso em: 05 maio 2025.
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Sobre o Estatuto do Desarmamento (Lei nº 10.826/2003), assinale a alternativa correta.
João, estudante do ensino médio, possui 17 anos de idade e se envolveu, durante uma aula de matemática, em uma discussão com um colega de classe chamado José. Quando a aula acabou, na saída da escola, a discussão evoluiu para agressão física e João, que possuía um canivete em sua mochila, desferiu três golpes contra José, com vontade livre e consciente de ceifar sua vida. A briga só cessou quando populares conseguiram segurar João. O atendimento médico foi solicitado imediatamente, mas José acabou falecendo em virtude da gravidade dos golpes. A Polícia Militar foi chamada para atender a ocorrência, no entanto, quando os policiais chegaram ao local, João havia fugido e foi encontrado apenas três dias depois do ocorrido, exatamente na data de seu aniversário de 18 anos. Considerando as informações mencionadas e de acordo com a Lei Federal nº 8.069/1990 – Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente –, assinale a alternativa correta.
Sobre os defeitos e as hipóteses de invalidade do negócio jurídico, à luz do Código Civil, analise as assertivas e assinale a alternativa que aponta a(s) correta(s).
I. A existência de simulação absoluta acarreta a nulidade do negócio jurídico, ainda que celebrado com observância dos requisitos formais, salvo se não causar prejuízo direto a terceiros.
II. É nulo o negócio jurídico cujo motivo determinante, comum a ambas as partes, seja ilícito.
III. O erro sobre a pessoa, quando for relevante à natureza do negócio, pode torná-lo anulável.
IV. O negócio jurídico pode ser invalidado por coação, mesmo que exercida por terceiro, se a parte beneficiada tiver conhecimento do vício.
A regra constitucional, diante da autonomia dos entes federativos, é a de ausência de intervenção, no entanto a própria Constituição Federal prevê exceções. Considerando o texto da Constituição Federal, é correto afirmar que
De acordo com o Código Penal Militar, o crime de deserção
Texto associado
Em “[...] o efeito protetor se mantém, mesmo que se pratique atividade física em níveis considerados modestos.”, a expressão destacada estabelece uma relação sintático-semântica entre as orações do período. Assinale a alternativa cuja expressão em destaque estabeleça a mesma relação sintático-semântica.
Texto associado
Use the following text to answer questions 16 to 21.
The case for foreign languages as an aspiring lawyer
If you want to work in the competitive legal profession, having foreign language skills can help to set you apart.
The relative lack of foreign language skills among the UK population is well-documented. A recent Guardian survey revealed that 39% of young native English speakers were put off learning a foreign language because “most people speak English”, and 14% by the idea that “most other languages are not useful”. But for students hoping to enter the legal profession – which is increasingly global in outlook – being able to speak a foreign language is useful, and ever more desirable to employers. In other words, students who speak more than one language are increasingly valued by employers. The globalisation of legal practice means that many international law firms will not hire lawyers without language skills, said Patricio Grané Labat, partner of public international law firm Volterra Fietta. “In our profession, language skills are critical because, as international lawyers, we apply our trade with words. It is certainly something I look for when I recruit. If a candidate is not fluent in other languages, I generally will not consider them – if I do, it’s usually for a discrete assignment,” he said.
Dr. Martina Künnecke, lecturer at the University of Hull, added: “Students need a global mindset, and language skills are a part of that. It’s absolutely crucial considering the competition in the jobs market today.” She encourages students to learn a new language in their spare time and to take up opportunities to study law abroad.
Knowing at least one foreign language can also enable you to broaden the scope of your work, said Gabriel Helou, legal officer at the Norwegian Refugee Council and former project manager in the rule of law and justice sector at the EU delegation in Jerusalem.
“It enables legal professionals to explore foreign legal systems or experiences through a comparative approach. Referring to the original sources of information can sometimes be more reliable and comprehensible,” said Gabriel Helou. According to him, foreign language skills give lawyers a global mindset which is increasingly useful and desired by employers – so it might be worth dusting off those old textbooks.
Adapted from: SUTCLIFFE, Matthew. The case for foreign languages as an aspiring lawyer. The Guardian, London, Aug. 19, 2014. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/law/2014/aug/19/foreign-language-skills-law-career. Accessed on: Apr. 27, 2025.
The case for foreign languages as an aspiring lawyer
If you want to work in the competitive legal profession, having foreign language skills can help to set you apart.
The relative lack of foreign language skills among the UK population is well-documented. A recent Guardian survey revealed that 39% of young native English speakers were put off learning a foreign language because “most people speak English”, and 14% by the idea that “most other languages are not useful”. But for students hoping to enter the legal profession – which is increasingly global in outlook – being able to speak a foreign language is useful, and ever more desirable to employers. In other words, students who speak more than one language are increasingly valued by employers. The globalisation of legal practice means that many international law firms will not hire lawyers without language skills, said Patricio Grané Labat, partner of public international law firm Volterra Fietta. “In our profession, language skills are critical because, as international lawyers, we apply our trade with words. It is certainly something I look for when I recruit. If a candidate is not fluent in other languages, I generally will not consider them – if I do, it’s usually for a discrete assignment,” he said.
Dr. Martina Künnecke, lecturer at the University of Hull, added: “Students need a global mindset, and language skills are a part of that. It’s absolutely crucial considering the competition in the jobs market today.” She encourages students to learn a new language in their spare time and to take up opportunities to study law abroad.
Knowing at least one foreign language can also enable you to broaden the scope of your work, said Gabriel Helou, legal officer at the Norwegian Refugee Council and former project manager in the rule of law and justice sector at the EU delegation in Jerusalem.
“It enables legal professionals to explore foreign legal systems or experiences through a comparative approach. Referring to the original sources of information can sometimes be more reliable and comprehensible,” said Gabriel Helou. According to him, foreign language skills give lawyers a global mindset which is increasingly useful and desired by employers – so it might be worth dusting off those old textbooks.
Adapted from: SUTCLIFFE, Matthew. The case for foreign languages as an aspiring lawyer. The Guardian, London, Aug. 19, 2014. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/law/2014/aug/19/foreign-language-skills-law-career. Accessed on: Apr. 27, 2025.
Considering the information presented in the text, analyze the following statements.
I. In “The globalisation of legal practice means that many international law firms will not hire lawyers without language skills, said Patricio Grané Labat,” the verbs “means” and “will hire” are in the present and future simple tenses, respectively, while “said” is the past form of the regular verb “say”.
II. In “students are able to study law abroad,” the term “are able to” is functioning as a modal verb and could be replaced by “must” without altering the meaning.
III. The sentence “If a candidate is not fluent in other languages, I generally will not consider them” exemplifies the first conditional, with a present simple verb followed by a future simple outcome.
IV. In “Knowing at least one foreign language can also enable you to broaden the scope of your work,” the modal verb “can” expresses possibility and is correctly followed by the base form of the verb.
Mark the alternative in which the statements are correct.
Texto associado
Use the following text to answer questions 16 to 21.
The case for foreign languages as an aspiring lawyer
If you want to work in the competitive legal profession, having foreign language skills can help to set you apart.
The relative lack of foreign language skills among the UK population is well-documented. A recent Guardian survey revealed that 39% of young native English speakers were put off learning a foreign language because “most people speak English”, and 14% by the idea that “most other languages are not useful”. But for students hoping to enter the legal profession – which is increasingly global in outlook – being able to speak a foreign language is useful, and ever more desirable to employers. In other words, students who speak more than one language are increasingly valued by employers. The globalisation of legal practice means that many international law firms will not hire lawyers without language skills, said Patricio Grané Labat, partner of public international law firm Volterra Fietta. “In our profession, language skills are critical because, as international lawyers, we apply our trade with words. It is certainly something I look for when I recruit. If a candidate is not fluent in other languages, I generally will not consider them – if I do, it’s usually for a discrete assignment,” he said.
Dr. Martina Künnecke, lecturer at the University of Hull, added: “Students need a global mindset, and language skills are a part of that. It’s absolutely crucial considering the competition in the jobs market today.” She encourages students to learn a new language in their spare time and to take up opportunities to study law abroad.
Knowing at least one foreign language can also enable you to broaden the scope of your work, said Gabriel Helou, legal officer at the Norwegian Refugee Council and former project manager in the rule of law and justice sector at the EU delegation in Jerusalem.
“It enables legal professionals to explore foreign legal systems or experiences through a comparative approach. Referring to the original sources of information can sometimes be more reliable and comprehensible,” said Gabriel Helou. According to him, foreign language skills give lawyers a global mindset which is increasingly useful and desired by employers – so it might be worth dusting off those old textbooks.
Adapted from: SUTCLIFFE, Matthew. The case for foreign languages as an aspiring lawyer. The Guardian, London, Aug. 19, 2014. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/law/2014/aug/19/foreign-language-skills-law-career. Accessed on: Apr. 27, 2025.
The case for foreign languages as an aspiring lawyer
If you want to work in the competitive legal profession, having foreign language skills can help to set you apart.
The relative lack of foreign language skills among the UK population is well-documented. A recent Guardian survey revealed that 39% of young native English speakers were put off learning a foreign language because “most people speak English”, and 14% by the idea that “most other languages are not useful”. But for students hoping to enter the legal profession – which is increasingly global in outlook – being able to speak a foreign language is useful, and ever more desirable to employers. In other words, students who speak more than one language are increasingly valued by employers. The globalisation of legal practice means that many international law firms will not hire lawyers without language skills, said Patricio Grané Labat, partner of public international law firm Volterra Fietta. “In our profession, language skills are critical because, as international lawyers, we apply our trade with words. It is certainly something I look for when I recruit. If a candidate is not fluent in other languages, I generally will not consider them – if I do, it’s usually for a discrete assignment,” he said.
Dr. Martina Künnecke, lecturer at the University of Hull, added: “Students need a global mindset, and language skills are a part of that. It’s absolutely crucial considering the competition in the jobs market today.” She encourages students to learn a new language in their spare time and to take up opportunities to study law abroad.
Knowing at least one foreign language can also enable you to broaden the scope of your work, said Gabriel Helou, legal officer at the Norwegian Refugee Council and former project manager in the rule of law and justice sector at the EU delegation in Jerusalem.
“It enables legal professionals to explore foreign legal systems or experiences through a comparative approach. Referring to the original sources of information can sometimes be more reliable and comprehensible,” said Gabriel Helou. According to him, foreign language skills give lawyers a global mindset which is increasingly useful and desired by employers – so it might be worth dusting off those old textbooks.
Adapted from: SUTCLIFFE, Matthew. The case for foreign languages as an aspiring lawyer. The Guardian, London, Aug. 19, 2014. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/law/2014/aug/19/foreign-language-skills-law-career. Accessed on: Apr. 27, 2025.
According to the context presented, the expression “so it might be worth dusting off those old textbooks” suggests:
Texto associado
Use the following text to answer questions 16 to 21.
The case for foreign languages as an aspiring lawyer
If you want to work in the competitive legal profession, having foreign language skills can help to set you apart.
The relative lack of foreign language skills among the UK population is well-documented. A recent Guardian survey revealed that 39% of young native English speakers were put off learning a foreign language because “most people speak English”, and 14% by the idea that “most other languages are not useful”. But for students hoping to enter the legal profession – which is increasingly global in outlook – being able to speak a foreign language is useful, and ever more desirable to employers. In other words, students who speak more than one language are increasingly valued by employers. The globalisation of legal practice means that many international law firms will not hire lawyers without language skills, said Patricio Grané Labat, partner of public international law firm Volterra Fietta. “In our profession, language skills are critical because, as international lawyers, we apply our trade with words. It is certainly something I look for when I recruit. If a candidate is not fluent in other languages, I generally will not consider them – if I do, it’s usually for a discrete assignment,” he said.
Dr. Martina Künnecke, lecturer at the University of Hull, added: “Students need a global mindset, and language skills are a part of that. It’s absolutely crucial considering the competition in the jobs market today.” She encourages students to learn a new language in their spare time and to take up opportunities to study law abroad.
Knowing at least one foreign language can also enable you to broaden the scope of your work, said Gabriel Helou, legal officer at the Norwegian Refugee Council and former project manager in the rule of law and justice sector at the EU delegation in Jerusalem.
“It enables legal professionals to explore foreign legal systems or experiences through a comparative approach. Referring to the original sources of information can sometimes be more reliable and comprehensible,” said Gabriel Helou. According to him, foreign language skills give lawyers a global mindset which is increasingly useful and desired by employers – so it might be worth dusting off those old textbooks.
Adapted from: SUTCLIFFE, Matthew. The case for foreign languages as an aspiring lawyer. The Guardian, London, Aug. 19, 2014. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/law/2014/aug/19/foreign-language-skills-law-career. Accessed on: Apr. 27, 2025.
The case for foreign languages as an aspiring lawyer
If you want to work in the competitive legal profession, having foreign language skills can help to set you apart.
The relative lack of foreign language skills among the UK population is well-documented. A recent Guardian survey revealed that 39% of young native English speakers were put off learning a foreign language because “most people speak English”, and 14% by the idea that “most other languages are not useful”. But for students hoping to enter the legal profession – which is increasingly global in outlook – being able to speak a foreign language is useful, and ever more desirable to employers. In other words, students who speak more than one language are increasingly valued by employers. The globalisation of legal practice means that many international law firms will not hire lawyers without language skills, said Patricio Grané Labat, partner of public international law firm Volterra Fietta. “In our profession, language skills are critical because, as international lawyers, we apply our trade with words. It is certainly something I look for when I recruit. If a candidate is not fluent in other languages, I generally will not consider them – if I do, it’s usually for a discrete assignment,” he said.
Dr. Martina Künnecke, lecturer at the University of Hull, added: “Students need a global mindset, and language skills are a part of that. It’s absolutely crucial considering the competition in the jobs market today.” She encourages students to learn a new language in their spare time and to take up opportunities to study law abroad.
Knowing at least one foreign language can also enable you to broaden the scope of your work, said Gabriel Helou, legal officer at the Norwegian Refugee Council and former project manager in the rule of law and justice sector at the EU delegation in Jerusalem.
“It enables legal professionals to explore foreign legal systems or experiences through a comparative approach. Referring to the original sources of information can sometimes be more reliable and comprehensible,” said Gabriel Helou. According to him, foreign language skills give lawyers a global mindset which is increasingly useful and desired by employers – so it might be worth dusting off those old textbooks.
Adapted from: SUTCLIFFE, Matthew. The case for foreign languages as an aspiring lawyer. The Guardian, London, Aug. 19, 2014. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/law/2014/aug/19/foreign-language-skills-law-career. Accessed on: Apr. 27, 2025.